廣州市中心城區(qū)古樟樹生長狀況調(diào)查及評價(jià)指標(biāo)探討

張俊濤 陳瑩

摘要[目的]調(diào)查廣州市中心城區(qū)古樟樹（Cinnamomum camphora）生長狀況，探討適合古樟樹的健康評價(jià)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。[方法]采用實(shí)地調(diào)查的方法，以廣州市中心城區(qū)前5批古樹名木中古樟樹為研究對象，對其樹齡、生長狀況、外貌特征和生長環(huán)境進(jìn)行記錄分析。[結(jié)果]廣州市中心城區(qū)古樟樹樹齡集中在100～249 a，總體生長狀況處于中等水平，普遍存在樹枝切口、樹洞腐爛、樹干或（及）樹枝傾斜和附生植物棲居的現(xiàn)象；胸徑、株高與樹齡存在正相關(guān)性，隨著樹齡的增加，胸徑增幅明顯，而株高增幅較小；切口和樹洞會對古樟樹生長產(chǎn)生一定影響；樹干或（及）樹枝傾斜，遇到強(qiáng)風(fēng)存在安全隱患；附生植物對古樟樹生長影響較小；從生長環(huán)境來看，工程建設(shè)、樹池面積較小和周邊鋪裝硬化不利于古樟樹的生長。[結(jié)論]為科學(xué)評價(jià)古樟樹健康狀況，建議從生長位置、生長指標(biāo)、樹冠情況、樹干情況、地面情況五大方面選取古樟樹健康評價(jià)關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)，以針對性地提出保護(hù)建議和措施。

關(guān)鍵詞古樹；生長狀況；評價(jià)指標(biāo)；保護(hù)建議

中圖分類號S792.23文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）35-0172-03

Abstract[Objective] To investigate the growth status and select some of these parameters to work as key index to evaluate the health of Cinnamomum camphora located in the urban zone of Guangzhou. [Method] Chosing the ancient Cinnamomum camphora trees as research object to record and analyze their age， growth state， appearance and growth environment by onsite investigation method. [Result] The age of the ancient Cinnamomum camphora trees located in the urban zone of Guangzhou range from 100 to 249 a， their growth state was located at middle level. The rot of branch incision and tree holes， the tilt of trunk or branch and epiphytes were generally observed. DBH （diameter at breast height） and CD （crown diameter） showed a positive correlation with age of trees. As the increasing of age， the growing of DBH was obvious， but the height of tree increases slowly. Branch incision and tree holes impair the growth of tree； the tilt of trunk and branch decreases the resistance against to wind and also cause security problem； epiphytes causes relative lower influence on trees. Additionally， artificial activities like engineering construction， space occupation and hardening of the road also do harm to the growth of Cinnamomum camphora. [Conclusion] The location， growth state， condition of CD， trunk and landscape were recommended as the main indexes to evaluate the health of ancient Cinnamomum camphora， corresponding suggestions and measures can be mentioned out depending on these findings.

Key wordsAncient tree；Growth state；Evaluation index；Protection suggestions

廣州市古樹資源豐富，樹種類型多樣化。據(jù)以往廣州市古樹名木資源調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)[1-3]，數(shù)量排名前5位的樹種分別是細(xì)葉榕、荔枝、大葉榕、樟樹和木棉，樟樹已成為廣州市古樹資源中的重要樹種。

樟樹（Cinnamomum camphora）屬樟科樟屬，是亞熱帶常綠闊葉林代表樹種，也是廣州古樹常見樹種。近幾年調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，古樟樹樹體出現(xiàn)大量枯枝、生長勢衰弱等現(xiàn)象。……