張雅妮
摘? 要:該文在梳理分析日本禪文化的由來、主要觀點(diǎn)、發(fā)展歷史和主要派別的基礎(chǔ)上,闡述了日本禪文化對(duì)日本審美和國民生活觀念的影響。日本禪文化在發(fā)展和傳播中,形成了獨(dú)具日本特色的特點(diǎn)。由于在教義中加入了政治色彩和武士道文化,壓縮了中國禪文化中佛家文化的比重,又加大了道家文化的比重,日本禪文化形成了崇尚自然、極簡(jiǎn)、空寂的審美和追求極致、嚴(yán)格、精密的生活理念。直至今天,日本禪文化依然非常昌盛,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)日本審美觀產(chǎn)生著極大的影響,仍潛移默化影響著日本人的國民性和生活觀。日本禪文化對(duì)于研究日本的政治、社會(huì)、文化甚至軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象有積極意義。
關(guān)鍵詞:日本? 禪文化? 審美? 生活理念? 影響
中圖分類號(hào):G131.3? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文章編號(hào):1672-3791(2020)09(b)-0250-04
Influence of Japanese Zen Culture on Japanese Aesthetics and Life Outlook
ZHANG Ya'ni
(University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, 102445? China)
Abstract: On the basis of combing and analyzing the origin, main viewpoints, development history and main factions of Japanese Zen culture, this article expounds the influence of Japanese Zen culture on Japanese aesthetics and the concept of national life. In the development and dissemination of Japanese Zen culture, it has formed unique Japanese characteristics. Due to the addition of political color and Bushido culture in the doctrine, the proportion of Buddhist culture in Chinese Zen culture has been reduced, but the proportion of Taoist culture has alsoincreased. Japanese Zen culture has formed an aesthetic and pursuit of advocating nature, minimalism, and emptyness. The ultimate, strict and precise life concept. To this day, Japanese Zen culture is still very prosperous, and it has a great influence on traditional Japanese aesthetics. It still affects the Japanese people's national character and life outlook. Studying Japanese Zen culture has positive significance for studying Japan's political, social, cultural and even military and economic phenomena.
Key Words: Japan; Zen culture; Aesthetics; Philosophy oflife; Influence
查爾斯? 艾略特在其名著《日本佛教》中曾說過:“禪是日本式性格的表現(xiàn)。其他所有的佛家文化流派都沒有禪文化那樣‘日本式。”禪文化通過從中國傳入后的不斷發(fā)展、演變、完善,形成了獨(dú)具日本特色的日本禪文化,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)日本審美觀產(chǎn)生了極大的影響,流傳至今仍潛移默化影響著日本人的國民性和生活觀,成為“日本式”審美和生活方式的靈魂。
關(guān)于禪文化對(duì)日本審美觀的影響,也有不少學(xué)者進(jìn)行了研究,主要集中在禪文化對(duì)日本在建筑、服裝、包裝等各類設(shè)計(jì)中的審美所產(chǎn)生的影響,其他方面涉及較少。而對(duì)于日本禪文化通過影響審美意識(shí)而對(duì)普通日本人的生活觀所帶來影響,還鮮有研究。……