謝萌琦 李儀 馮能操 楊鑫
摘? 要:該文針對基于E601B蒸發器的蒸發自記儀比測試驗存在的誤區,系統總結了比測試驗在儀器選型、場地選擇、設備安裝、數據觀測等環節需要注意的問題,分析了上述環節誤差成因,并結合行業現行規范,提出了一套客觀評定蒸發自記儀性能的方案,對提高蒸發自記儀性能比測試驗效能,加快推廣應用水文新儀器,促進水文現代化發展具有借鑒意義。
關鍵詞:E601B水面蒸發器? 蒸發自計儀? 比測實驗? 數據觀測
中圖分類號:P4? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號:1672-3791(2020)09(b)-0062-04
The Issue Needing Attention in Comparison Experiments of Water Surface Evaporation Recorder Based on E601B Evaporator
XIE Mengqi1? LI Yi2? FENG Nengcao3? YANG Xin1
(1.HanjiangCouncil of Hydrology and Water Resource Survey, Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resource, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 441022? China; 2. Construction Authority Headwork Branch of South-north Water Transfer Central Line MainLine Project, Nanyang, Henan Prov-ince, 473000? China; 3. Technology Research Center of Changjiang Water Resources, Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resource, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430010? China)
Abstract: Aiming at the misunderstandings in the comparison test of the evaporation self-recorder based on the E601B evaporator, this article systematically summarizes the problems that need to be paid attention to in the selection of the instrument, site selection, equipment installation, data observation, etc, and analyzes the causes of the above-mentioned errors. In combination with the current industry norms, a set of objective evaluation methods for the performance of the evaporative self-recorder is proposed, which is of reference significance for improving the performance of the evaporative self-recorder performance comparison test, accelerating the promotion and application of new hydrological instruments and promoting the development of hydrological modernization.
Key Words: E601B water surface evaporator; Evaporation meter; Comparison experiment; Data observation
E601B型蒸發器是氣象水文行業蒸發量觀測的標準儀器,觀測資料具有較好的代表性,市面上大多數蒸發自計系統選用E601B作為量測器具,選用液位傳感器測量蒸發器的水位變化量計算時段蒸發量。水文行業要求,新儀器投產前應開展比測試驗,測量誤差在允許范圍內方可投產,由于蒸發量受環境、觀測方法等因素影響較多,且都會對測量誤差產生明顯影響,比測和評定方法不當,都不能客觀反映自計儀的真實性能。新儀器長期不能投產,比測實驗持續時間太久,耗費了大量人力、財力,影響了水面蒸發量自計進程。
1? 比測器具選擇應注意的問題
實際比測中,人工和自計蒸發量、雨量來自同一個樣本,執行起來比較困難,一般選用同一個觀測場其他器具的人工觀測值作為真值,和自記數據進行比較分析,為了保證二者原始值是近似相等的,具有可比性,需要注意如下幾方面的問題。……