謝萌琦 李儀 馮能操 楊鑫
摘? 要:該文針對(duì)基于E601B蒸發(fā)器的蒸發(fā)自記儀比測(cè)試驗(yàn)存在的誤區(qū),系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了比測(cè)試驗(yàn)在儀器選型、場(chǎng)地選擇、設(shè)備安裝、數(shù)據(jù)觀測(cè)等環(huán)節(jié)需要注意的問題,分析了上述環(huán)節(jié)誤差成因,并結(jié)合行業(yè)現(xiàn)行規(guī)范,提出了一套客觀評(píng)定蒸發(fā)自記儀性能的方案,對(duì)提高蒸發(fā)自記儀性能比測(cè)試驗(yàn)效能,加快推廣應(yīng)用水文新儀器,促進(jìn)水文現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展具有借鑒意義。
關(guān)鍵詞:E601B水面蒸發(fā)器? 蒸發(fā)自計(jì)儀? 比測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)? 數(shù)據(jù)觀測(cè)
中圖分類號(hào):P4? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào):1672-3791(2020)09(b)-0062-04
The Issue Needing Attention in Comparison Experiments of Water Surface Evaporation Recorder Based on E601B Evaporator
XIE Mengqi1? LI Yi2? FENG Nengcao3? YANG Xin1
(1.HanjiangCouncil of Hydrology and Water Resource Survey, Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resource, Xiangyang, Hubei Province, 441022? China; 2. Construction Authority Headwork Branch of South-north Water Transfer Central Line MainLine Project, Nanyang, Henan Prov-ince, 473000? China; 3. Technology Research Center of Changjiang Water Resources, Changjiang Water Resources Commission of the Ministry of Water Resource, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430010? China)
Abstract: Aiming at the misunderstandings in the comparison test of the evaporation self-recorder based on the E601B evaporator, this article systematically summarizes the problems that need to be paid attention to in the selection of the instrument, site selection, equipment installation, data observation, etc, and analyzes the causes of the above-mentioned errors. In combination with the current industry norms, a set of objective evaluation methods for the performance of the evaporative self-recorder is proposed, which is of reference significance for improving the performance of the evaporative self-recorder performance comparison test, accelerating the promotion and application of new hydrological instruments and promoting the development of hydrological modernization.
Key Words: E601B water surface evaporator; Evaporation meter; Comparison experiment; Data observation
E601B型蒸發(fā)器是氣象水文行業(yè)蒸發(fā)量觀測(cè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)儀器,觀測(cè)資料具有較好的代表性,市面上大多數(shù)蒸發(fā)自計(jì)系統(tǒng)選用E601B作為量測(cè)器具,選用液位傳感器測(cè)量蒸發(fā)器的水位變化量計(jì)算時(shí)段蒸發(fā)量。水文行業(yè)要求,新儀器投產(chǎn)前應(yīng)開展比測(cè)試驗(yàn),測(cè)量誤差在允許范圍內(nèi)方可投產(chǎn),由于蒸發(fā)量受環(huán)境、觀測(cè)方法等因素影響較多,且都會(huì)對(duì)測(cè)量誤差產(chǎn)生明顯影響,比測(cè)和評(píng)定方法不當(dāng),都不能客觀反映自計(jì)儀的真實(shí)性能。新儀器長(zhǎng)期不能投產(chǎn),比測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)持續(xù)時(shí)間太久,耗費(fèi)了大量人力、財(cái)力,影響了水面蒸發(fā)量自計(jì)進(jìn)程。
1? 比測(cè)器具選擇應(yīng)注意的問題
實(shí)際比測(cè)中,人工和自計(jì)蒸發(fā)量、雨量來自同一個(gè)樣本,執(zhí)行起來比較困難,一般選用同一個(gè)觀測(cè)場(chǎng)其他器具的人工觀測(cè)值作為真值,和自記數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較分析,為了保證二者原始值是近似相等的,具有可比性,需要注意如下幾方面的問題。……