中美高新技術產品貿易現狀及對策分析

[摘 要]改革開放以來，我國高新技術產業取得了很大的進步，在科研投入、專利申請數量、研究人員規模等方面成績顯著，但是我國高新技術產品與發達國家相比仍存在很大的差距，在與發達國家的貿易中我國主要從事的是加工貿易，出口產品的附加值比較低，出口企業主要是外資企業。美國是我國高新技術產品貿易的主要伙伴，也是我國高新技術產品主要出口市場，通過分析中美兩國之間的高新技術產品貿易現狀和美中、美加、美墨、美日高新技術產品貿易規模的對比，從而得出中國與美國之間高新技術產品貿易不平衡的原因，并針對中國與美國之間高新技術產品貿易失衡提出相應的對策建議。

[關鍵詞]高新技術產品;貿易現狀;對策建議

[中圖分類號]F752.7

[文獻標識碼]A

[文章編號]2095-3283（2019）10-0010-06

Analysis of the Status Quo and Countermeasures of Sino-US High-tech Products Trade

Wang Jiani

（School of Economics， Northwest University of Political Science and Law， Xian Shaanxi 710061）

Abstract： Since the reform and opening up， China has also attached great importance to the development of high-tech industriesDriven by national policies， China's high-tech industry has made great progress in recent years， and has made great progress in research investment， number of patent applications， and scale of researchers. However， China's high-tech products and developed countries There is still a big gap compared with the developed countries. In the trade with developed countries， China mainly engages in processing trade， and the added value of export products is relatively low. The export enterprises are mainly foreign-funded enterprises. The United States is the main partner of China's high-tech products trade， and also the main export market of China's high-tech products. This article first introduces the status quo of China's high-tech products trade and the status quo of high-tech products trade in the United States， and then analyzes the current status of high-tech products trade between China and the United States and the scale of trade between high-tech products of the United States， China， the United States， Canada， the United States and Japan. In contrast， through the above research， the reasons for the imbalance of high-tech product trade between China and the United States are obtained. Finally， corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the imbalance of high-tech products trade between China and the United States are proposed.

Keywords： High-tech Products; Trade Status; Suggestions

[作者簡介]王嘉妮（1997-），女，山西呂梁人，碩士研究生，研究方向：國際貿易、產業經濟學。

一、中美高新技術產品貿易現狀及數據分析

（一）中美高新技術產品貿易現狀

1.中國高新技術產品貿易現狀

（1）中國高新技術產品貿易規模

我國高新技術產品貿易發展基本比較均衡，且一直處于順差狀態。從表1可以看出從2010—2017年我國高新技術產品的出口額一直大于進口額，一直處于順差狀態。2010—2014年進出口差額不斷上升，我國高新技術產品的順差在不斷擴大，從2015年開始順差開始大幅減小，之后順差略有回升并趨于平穩。但總體來講中國高新技術產品順差較之前有所減小，可能是由于中國勞動力成本的上升，使得發達國家原來在中國進行加工并從中國出口的產品轉移到勞動力成本更低的國家。……