依據肺功能評估進行個性化護理對閉塞性細支氣管炎患兒肺功能的影響研究

房萍+關曉麗+李碩

【摘要】 目的：本研究旨在探討個性化護理模式對閉塞性細支氣管炎患兒肺功能的影響，以及其在兒科閉塞性細支氣管炎中的應用。方法：2015年5月-2017年5月在本院住院治療的閉塞性細支氣管炎患兒200例，按照隨機數字表法分為對照組和觀察組，每組100例。對照組患兒接受常規護理，觀察組患兒在常規護理的基礎上接受了個性化護理。在患兒出院后進行了3個月的隨訪，分析和比較兩組患兒的肺功能和家長的滿意度。結果：兩組患兒入院時的肺功能無明顯差別，出院3個月后，觀察組患兒的FVC、PEF、FEV1、TPTEF、FEF 25%～75%、RR等肺功能指數均明顯優于對照組，差異均有統計學意義（P<0.05）。觀察組和對照組的滿意率分別為96.00%、68.00%，差異有統計學意義（P<0.05）。結論：個性化護理模式可以改善閉塞性細支氣管炎患兒的肺功能，提高家長的滿意度，值得在臨床大力推廣應用。

【關鍵詞】 個性化護理； 兒科； 閉塞性細支氣管炎

【Abstract】 Objective：To investigate the effect of personalized care model on pulmonary function in children with occlusive bronchitis and its application in pediatric obstructive bronchitis.Method：200 patients with obstructive bronchitis treated with our hospital from May 2015 to May 2017 were selected and randomly divided into the control group and the observation group，100 cases in each group. The children in the control group received routine care. On the basis of routine nursing，the observation group received personalized care. After 3 months of follow-up， the lung function of the two groups was analyzed and compared， and the satisfaction rate of the parents was analyzed.Result：There were no significant differences in lung function between two groups（P>0.05）.After 3 months of discharge，FVC，PEF，FEV1，TPTEF，FEF 25%-75%，RR and other lung function indexes of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.The satisfaction rates of the observation group was 96.00%，and the control group was 68.00%，there was significant difference（P<0.05）.Conclusion：Personalized care model can improve the lung function of children with occlusive bronchitis，improve the satisfaction rate of parents，it is worth of promoting the clinical application.

【Key words】 Personalized care； Pediatric； Occlusive bronchitis

First-authors address：Childrens Hospital Capital Institute of Pediatrics，Beijing 100020，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.29.020

閉塞性細毛細支氣管炎（bronchiolitis obliterans，BO）定義為肺細支氣管的閉塞性病變[1]。BO與肺細支氣管上皮細胞損傷有關，其病理學特點為炎癥反應引起的炎癥細胞浸潤肺細支氣管黏膜，導致黏膜水腫、增生、纖維化，最終導致肺細支氣管管腔狹窄，氣流受阻[2]。其臨床表現主要包括：急性呼吸道感染后的持續性咳嗽、喘息、呼吸困難等[3]，病程可遷延數月或數年。BO對支氣管擴張藥物反應不良或無反應。近年來，隨著我國空氣污染的加劇，BO在兒童人群中呈現逐年增加的趨勢。

個性化護理是近年來護理學界提出的全新的護理理念，其主要強調要采用“以人為本”的原則，對于患者進行個性化、整體化的護理，使患者在生理、心理、社會等方面得到最佳的護理[4]。其在兒科的應用主要強調責任護士長期與患兒固定，實施一對一的護理，從而使得針對性比較強。護……