楊霄鵬 惠玲
人類白細胞抗原B27的實驗室診斷
楊霄鵬★惠玲
[摘要]強直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)是臨床常見的一種自身免疫性疾病。90%~95% 的AS患者有人類白細胞抗原B27(human leucocyte antigen B27,HLA-B27)基因的表達,說明HLA-B27 與AS有高度關聯性。因此,HLA-27的檢測在AS的診斷中有很重要的診斷價值和臨床意義。目前用于檢測HLA-B27的實驗室方法主要有微量細胞毒法(microlymphocytotoxic test,MLCT)、酶聯免疫吸咐法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)、流式細胞儀法(flow cytometry instrument method,FCM)、PCR等。本文將對AS的這些實驗室診斷方法及其優缺點予以概述,為實驗室根據自身條件選擇合適的方法檢測AS提供一個參考依據。
[關鍵詞]強直性脊柱炎;人類白細胞抗原B27;實驗室診斷
作者單位:蘭州軍區蘭州總醫院醫學實驗中心,甘肅,蘭州730050
Laboratory diagnosis of human leukocyte antigen B27
YANG Xiaopeng★, HUI Lin
(Experimental Center of Medicine, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou, Gansu, China, 730050)
[ABSTRACT] Ankylosing spondylitis(AS) is a common clinical autoimmune disease. There are 90%~95%of the patients with AS showed the expression of HLA-B27 gene, which suggest that HLA-B27 is strongly associated with AS. Therefore, the detection of HLA-27 has very important diagnostic value and clinical significance for the diagnosis of AS. Nowadays, the methods used for detecting the HLA-B27 include microlymphocytotoxic test(MLCT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), flow cytometry assay(FCM) and PCR. In this paper, the current methods for the laboratory diagnosis of AS will be reviewed to provide a reference for laboratory to select the appropriate method based on the detection of AS according to its own conditions.
[KEY WORDS] Ankylosing spondylitis(AS); HLA-B27; Laboratory diagnosis
強直性脊柱炎(ankylosing spondylitis,AS)是一類主要累及骶髂關節和脊柱關節的慢性炎癥性疾病,為血清陰性脊柱關節病的原型,目前發病機制尚不明確。AS的臨床診斷通常采用紐約標準或1984年紐約修訂標準,但二者對影像學依賴較大,要求有肯定的骶髂關節炎。臨床上滿足其條件的AS病人病程均已進入中期,對治療很不利,這是造成AS傷殘率高的原因之一。早期診斷成為爭取良好預后的關鍵。1973年Brewerton突破性地發現了與本病高度相關的人類主要組織相容性抗原HLA-B27抗原(human leucocyte antigen B27,HLA-B27)[1]。HLA-B27是人類主要組織相容性復合體的表達產物之一,位于人體第6號染色體的短臂上,在機體所有有核細胞上表達,尤其是淋巴細胞的表面表達較高。HLA-B27抗原陽性與AS呈高度相關[2],國內學者也通過對國內不同地域、不同民族的AS患者檢測HLA-B27,證實AS患者中90%以上HLA-B27抗原為陽性,而正常人群只有5%~10%的個體表達HLA-B27抗原[3-8]。……