寇哲文 王家鵬 張興梅★
核酸適配子及其在阿爾茨海默病研究中的應用
寇哲文1王家鵬2張興梅1★
[摘要]核酸適配子是一類寡核苷酸分子,它可由指數級富集配體系統進化(systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment,SELEX)技術篩選寡核苷酸文庫而獲得。適配子通過與靶分子特異結合,可起到識別或抑制靶分子生物學活性的作用。近年來,越來越多的適配子不斷被應用于阿爾茨海默病等中樞神經系統疾病的研究。本文將對近年來核酸適配子在阿爾茨海默病診斷和治療的研究進展作一綜述。
[關鍵詞]阿爾茨海默病;核酸適配子;指數級富集配體系統進化
作者單位:1.南方醫科大學神經生物學教研室,廣東省重大精神疾病研究重點實驗室,廣東,廣州510515 2.南方醫科大學第一臨床醫學院,廣東,廣州510515
Nucleic acid aptamers and its applications in diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's diseases
KOU Zhewen1, WANG Jiapeng2, ZHANG Xingmei1★
(1. Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510515; 2. The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510515)
[ABSTRACT] Nucleic acid aptamers are a kind of oligonucleotides which generated by the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process. Aptamers can recognize or inhibit the activity of their targets by specifically binding to their targets. In recent years, aptamers have been extensively studied and used for diagnostics and therapeutics in the central nervous system including Alzheimer's diseases. In this paper, the current progresses of aptamer-based Alzheimer's diseases diagnosis and aptamer-mediated active targeting for Alzheimer's diseases therapy will be reviewed.
[KEY WORDS] Alzheimer’s disease; Nucleic acid aptamer; Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX)
阿爾茨海默?。ˋlzheimer’s disease,AD)是一種漸進性的中樞神經系統退行性疾病,臨床表現主要為記憶力衰退、認知功能障礙、人格異常等[1]。由于人口老齡化和診斷率提高,AD患者的發病人數逐年增加,已成為日益嚴重的社會問題。全世界AD患者的發病人數在2010年為3 600萬,據預測,該數據將在2050年增至3倍[2]。AD晚期患者生活不能自理,給患者家庭及社會帶來巨大的經濟負擔。僅2010年全球AD治療費用約達6 040億美元。AD已經成為嚴重的世界醫療問題,尋找新的致病原因和新的診斷和治療方法非常緊迫。
AD的特征性病理表現是神經元細胞丟失、老年斑(senile plaque,SP)、神經元纖纏結(neurofib rillary tangles,NFT)等。AD的發病原因尚不清楚,目前認為淀粉樣前體蛋白、淀粉樣蛋白(amyloid β,Aβ)的聚積和tau蛋白的過度磷酸化是AD發病的重要原因?!?br>