基于高德地圖API的地鐵站點空間可達性研究

摘 要：城市地鐵站點空間布局的合理性對提高地鐵運行效率、促進社會公平具有重要意義。以福州為例，基于多交通模式下的高德API出行實時大數據，采用高斯兩步移動搜索法與雙變量空間自相關分析法，探究“15分鐘便民生活圈”單元尺度下，現階段與第二期規劃地鐵建成后的地鐵空間可達性與供需匹配特征。結果表明：現階段15分鐘時間閾值內，步行模式下地鐵服務的人口覆蓋率僅為23.55%，騎行模式下為55.74%，而在第二期規劃地鐵建成后，步行模式下地鐵服務的人口覆蓋率將達到42.82%，騎行模式下則會達到74.05%；時間閾值與地鐵站點可達性之間呈現顯著的正向關聯；現階段地鐵高可達性區域主要集中在倉山區城門鎮的周邊區域，第二期規劃地鐵建成后，居民能享受到的地鐵服務有顯著提升，地鐵高可達性區域則主要集中在長樂市樟港街道的周邊區域；福州市地鐵服務供需匹配度高，供需失衡的“15分鐘便民生活圈”比例不超過2.38%。研究結果可為福州市地鐵站點與“15分鐘便民生活圈”的選址與規劃提供參考與建議。

關鍵詞：地鐵；可達性；多交通模式；高德API；高斯兩步移動搜尋法

中圖分類號：F570；U491 文獻標志碼：A DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.14.003

文章編號：1002-3100（2024）14-0010-07

Research on Spatial Accessibility of Subway Stations Based on Gaode API——Taking Fuzhou City as an Example

LI Jiazheng1，LIN Yiheng2，ZHANG Ludan1，LIU Nacui1，LIN Yuying3，HU Xisheng1，CHEN Cheng1，PAN Zibao4

（1. School of Transportation and Civil Engineering， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou 350108， China; 2. School of Resources and Environment， Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University， Fuzhou 350002， China; 3. School of Tourism， Fujian Normal University， Fuzhou 350117， China; 4. Transportation and Construction Bureau of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area， Pingtan 350499， China）

Abstract： The rationality of the spatial layout of urban subway stations is of great significance to improve the efficiency of subway operation and promote social equity. Taking Fuzhou as an example， based on the real-time big data of Gaode API travel in multi-traffic mode， the Gaussian two-step mobile search method and bivariate spatial autocorrelation analysis method are used to explore the spatial accessibility and supply-demand matching characteristics of the subway at the current stage and after the completion of the second phase of the planned subway under the unit scale of \"15-minute convenience life circle\". The results show that within the current 15-minute time threshold， the population coverage rate of subway service in walking mode is only 23.55 %， and that in cycling mode is 55.74 %. After the completion of the second phase of the planned subway， the population coverage rate of subway service in walking mode will reach 42.82 %， and that in cycling mode will reach 74.05 %. There is a significant positive correlation between the time threshold and the accessibility of subway stations. At present， the high accessibility area of the subway is mainly concentrated in the surrounding area of Chengmen Town， Cangshan District. After the completion of the second phase of the planned subway， the subway service that residents can enjoy has been significantly improved. The high accessibility area of the subway is mainly concentrated in the surrounding area of Zhanggang Street， Changle City; the supply and demand matching degree of subway service in Fuzhou is high， and the proportion of \"15-minute convenience life circle\" with unbalanced supply and demand does not exceed 2.38 %. The research results can provide reference and suggestions for the location and planning of subway stations and \"15-minute convenient living circle\" in Fuzhou.

Key words： metro; accessibility; multi-traffic mode; Gaode API; Gaussian two-step mobile search method

收稿日期：2023-12-26

基金項目：國家自然科學基金（31971639，41901221）；福建省自然科學基金項目（2019J01406）；平潭綜合實驗區交通與建設局建設科技研究開發項目（KH220018A）；福建農林大學科技創新項目（KFB23167）

作者簡介：李嘉政（1997—），男，福建莆田人，福建農林大學交通與土木工程學院碩士研究生，研究方向：城市基礎設施可達性；……