








摘 要:針對生鮮農產品冷鏈配送環節中存在的成本高、貨損嚴重等問題,考慮到日益嚴重的交通擁堵,通過分析時變路網下的動態行駛速度和受溫度影響的貨物腐敗情況,在配送車輛容量等限制條件下,構建了以配送總成本最低為目標的冷鏈物流路徑優化模型。在此基礎上,通過設計全天候和有限制時段的車輛通行模式進行比對分析,利用遺傳算法進行求解。通過不同規模的企業案例進行分析,驗證了模型與算法的有效性。計算結果表明:冷鏈企業采用有限制時段的車輛通行模式可以降低配送成本,提高貨物到貨質量。
關鍵詞:限制時段;冷鏈物流;車輛路徑問題;遺傳算法
中圖分類號:F542;U116.2 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.14.032
文章編號:1002-3100(2024)14-0171-07
Cold Chain Logistics Vehicle Routing Problems Considering the Traffic Congestion and Limited Travel Time Period
GUO Yingying,LIN Danping (College of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract: Faced with high cost and serious cargo damage in the cold chain distribution of fresh agricultural products, considering the increasingly severe traffic congestion, under the constraints of delivery vehicle capacity and other aspects, a cold chain logistics route optimization model with the goal of minimizing the total delivery cost is constructed by analyzing the dynamic driving speed under time-varying road networks and the corruption of goods affected by temperature. On this basis, in order to verify the impact of the vehicle traffic mode with limited time period on the distribution cost, the vehicle traffic mode with all-weather and limited time period is designed for comparison and analysis, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by analysis of enterprise cases of different scales. The computational results demonstrate that the adoption of the vehicle traffic mode with limited time period by cold-chain enterprises can reduce distribution costs and improve the quality of goods delivered.
Key words: limited travel time period; cold chain logistics; vehicle routing problem; genetic algorithm
0 引 言
隨著人們物質生活質量的提高,對蔬菜、水果、肉類和牛奶等生鮮農產品的需求不斷增長。生鮮農產品具有易變質和易腐爛的特點,因此在運輸和配送過程中需要嚴格控制時間和溫度等因素,以確保產品的品質和安全。配送是冷鏈物流中一個極其重要的環節,生鮮產品從生產者到最終消費者的過程中,有80%以上的時間消耗在配送運輸上[1]。然而,城市道路交通擁堵問題日趨嚴重,從經濟角度來看,擁堵造成的時間損失導致配送過程中人力成本、油耗成本、制冷成本等大量消耗。同時,也導致更加嚴重的貨損以及配送服務質量的降低。從環境角度來看,擁堵會導致更高的燃料消耗和溫室氣體排放。因此,合理規劃冷鏈物流配送路徑,避開擁堵對降低配送成本、提高生鮮農產品的到貨質量、提升市場競爭力、低碳減排具有重要的現實意義。……