考慮交通擁堵和有限制時段的冷鏈物流車輛路徑問題

摘 要：針對生鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品冷鏈配送環(huán)節(jié)中存在的成本高、貨損嚴(yán)重等問題，考慮到日益嚴(yán)重的交通擁堵，通過分析時變路網(wǎng)下的動態(tài)行駛速度和受溫度影響的貨物腐敗情況，在配送車輛容量等限制條件下，構(gòu)建了以配送總成本最低為目標(biāo)的冷鏈物流路徑優(yōu)化模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過設(shè)計全天候和有限制時段的車輛通行模式進(jìn)行比對分析，利用遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解。通過不同規(guī)模的企業(yè)案例進(jìn)行分析，驗證了模型與算法的有效性。計算結(jié)果表明：冷鏈企業(yè)采用有限制時段的車輛通行模式可以降低配送成本，提高貨物到貨質(zhì)量。

關(guān)鍵詞：限制時段；冷鏈物流；車輛路徑問題；遺傳算法

中圖分類號：F542；U116.2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼：A DOI：10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2024.14.032

文章編號：1002-3100（2024）14-0171-07

Cold Chain Logistics Vehicle Routing Problems Considering the Traffic Congestion and Limited Travel Time Period

GUO Yingying，LIN Danping （College of Logistics Engineering， Shanghai Maritime University， Shanghai 201306， China）

Abstract： Faced with high cost and serious cargo damage in the cold chain distribution of fresh agricultural products， considering the increasingly severe traffic congestion， under the constraints of delivery vehicle capacity and other aspects， a cold chain logistics route optimization model with the goal of minimizing the total delivery cost is constructed by analyzing the dynamic driving speed under time-varying road networks and the corruption of goods affected by temperature. On this basis， in order to verify the impact of the vehicle traffic mode with limited time period on the distribution cost， the vehicle traffic mode with all-weather and limited time period is designed for comparison and analysis， and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the problem. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is verified by analysis of enterprise cases of different scales. The computational results demonstrate that the adoption of the vehicle traffic mode with limited time period by cold-chain enterprises can reduce distribution costs and improve the quality of goods delivered.

Key words： limited travel time period; cold chain logistics; vehicle routing problem; genetic algorithm

0 引 言

隨著人們物質(zhì)生活質(zhì)量的提高，對蔬菜、水果、肉類和牛奶等生鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的需求不斷增長。生鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品具有易變質(zhì)和易腐爛的特點，因此在運輸和配送過程中需要嚴(yán)格控制時間和溫度等因素，以確保產(chǎn)品的品質(zhì)和安全。配送是冷鏈物流中一個極其重要的環(huán)節(jié)，生鮮產(chǎn)品從生產(chǎn)者到最終消費者的過程中，有80%以上的時間消耗在配送運輸上[1]。然而，城市道路交通擁堵問題日趨嚴(yán)重，從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度來看，擁堵造成的時間損失導(dǎo)致配送過程中人力成本、油耗成本、制冷成本等大量消耗。同時，也導(dǎo)致更加嚴(yán)重的貨損以及配送服務(wù)質(zhì)量的降低。從環(huán)境角度來看，擁堵會導(dǎo)致更高的燃料消耗和溫室氣體排放。因此，合理規(guī)劃冷鏈物流配送路徑，避開擁堵對降低配送成本、提高生鮮農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的到貨質(zhì)量、提升市場競爭力、低碳減排具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。……