開棚高度對曬黃煙煙葉品質的影響

摘 要：為探索曬黃煙的最佳調制工藝，以寧鄉市優良曬黃煙品種寸三皮為材料，采用調制棚進行棚內調制，比較了2側棚膜的不同敞開高度（T1，開棚高度30 cm；T2，開棚高度90 cm；T3，棚膜完全敞開，開棚高度150 cm）對曬黃煙煙葉失水規律及化學品質的影響，以常規露天晾曬為對照。結果表明：在天氣良好的情況下，棚內調制的前3 d是煙葉失水、變黃的關鍵時期，棚膜敞開高度越高，棚內溫度、相對濕度越接近棚外調制環境；T3處理煙葉的總糖含量（27.52%）、還原糖含量（23.71%）、糖堿比（10.52）、兩糖比（0.862）均高于其他處理，且1，2-乙二醇（33.501%）、新植二烯（0.728%）、糠醛（0.026%）、巨豆三烯酮（0.012%）等主要香氣物質含量顯著提升。綜合化學成分及香氣代謝產物來看，各處理煙葉品質由高到低排列依次為T3、T1、CK、T2，以T3處理的調制效果最好，即2側棚膜完全敞開調制的煙葉品質較優。

關鍵詞：曬黃煙；大棚調制；溫濕度；含水量；化學成分

中圖分類號：S141.4 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號： 1006-060X（2023）03-0087-05

Abstract：In order to explore the best curing process for yellow sun-cured tobacco， an excellent yellow sun-cured tobacco variety Cunsanpi from Ningxiang City was used as the material for in-shed curing. The effects of different opening heights of two-side films of the shed （T1： 30 cm opening height; T2： 90 cm; T3： 150 cm， in complete openness） on the water loss pattern and chemical quality of yellow sun-cured tobacco were compared， with conventional open air drying as the control. The results show that， under good weather conditions， the first 3 d of in-shed curing was a critical period for tobacco to lose water and turn yellow， and the higher the open height of the shed film was， the closer the in-shed temperature and relative humidity were to the out-shed curing environment; the total sugar content （27.52%）， reducing sugar content （23.71%）， sugar-nicotine ratio （10.52）， and the ratio of reduing sugars to total sugars （0.862） of T3 tobacco were higher than those of the other treatments， and the contents of major aroma substances like ethylene glycol （33.501%）， neophytadiene （0.728%）， 2-furaldehyde （0.026%）， and megastigmatrienone （0.012%） were significantly increased. In terms of chemical composition and aroma metabolites， the tobacco quality of each treatment from the highest to the lowest ranked as T3， T1， CK and T2; among them， T3 achieved the best curing quality， that is， the quality of tobacco cured with two-side shed films completely open was better.

Key words：yellow sun-cured tobacco; in-shed curing; temperature" and humidity; moisture content; chemical composition曬黃煙作為我國名優特晾曬煙開發的重要組成部分，具有香氣質好、量足，吸味純凈，余味舒適，刺激性小，燃燒性好等特點，在提高烤煙型卷煙香味、促進烤煙風格多樣化以及發展混合型卷煙等方面都發揮了重要作用[1-3]。調制是曬黃煙品質形成的關鍵環節，優質曬黃煙葉調制是在調制工藝曲線與調制設施設備耦合作用下的煙葉脫水干燥和內部化學物質相互協調轉換的過程。不同的調制工藝會影響曬黃煙煙葉內酶的活性，進而調控物質的降解與轉化，最終影響煙葉品質的形成[4-5]。……