?炭基生物餅肥對土壤理化性狀及煙草產質量的影響

摘 要：為了種植出符合黃鶴樓品牌原料要求的高油分高香氣中棵煙，研究以現有火土灰、餅肥為基礎原料（以下簡稱火土餅肥），加入不同比例的礦源黃腐酸鉀、碳基材料、氨基酸、糖類以及有增油增香作用的物質進行復配發酵，再加入功能微生物菌種，研制出一款新型炭基增油增香生物火土餅肥（下簡稱炭基生物餅肥），考察其對煙草產質量及土壤理化性狀的影響。結果表明：炭基生物餅肥可以改善土壤結構和肥力，促進煙葉生長，提高烤煙品質和產量，其中T3處理（火土餅肥∶礦源黃腐酸鉀∶碳基材料∶氨基酸∶糖類∶增油增香物質=10∶8∶3∶3∶3∶3）能改良土壤結構，且煙株的農藝性狀和化學成分含量表現最優，平均產量也最高；T2處理（配比為10∶6∶2∶2∶2∶2）在農藝性狀方面表現居中，但其上等煙比例和均價最高，經濟性狀表現最優；3個不同肥料配比處理均能有效提高平均產量和產值。

關鍵詞：煙葉；炭基生物餅肥；原料配比；增油增香

中圖分類號：S144.1 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號： 1006-060X（2023）03-0050-05

Abstract：In this study， a new biochar-substrate， oil-enhancing and fragrance-enhancing cake fertilizer suitable for growing high-oil， strong-aroma and moderate-type tobaccos （Zhongkeyan） that meet the raw material requirements of \"Huanghelou\" brand was developed by composting with fired soil and cake fertilizer as substrate added different proportions of mineral source potassium fulvate， carbon-based materials， amino acids， saccharides， and oil-enhancing and fragrant-enhancing substances and by adding functional microbial strains. Furthermore， its effects on tobacco yield and quality and soil physicochemical properties were explored. The results showed that this fertilizer could improve soil structure and fertility， promote tobacco growth， and increase the quality and production of the flue-cured tobacco. Particularly， T3 （fired soil and cake fertilizer ： mineral source potassium fulvate ： carbon-based materials： amino acids ： saccharides ： oil-enhancing and fragrant-enhancing substances =10∶8∶3∶3∶3∶3 ） performed the best in improving tobacco agronomic traits and chemical components， and soil structure， resulting in a highest increase of average tobacco yield. T2 （10∶6∶2∶2∶2∶2 ） presented middling agronomic traits but the best economic traits， of which the proportion and average price of superior tobacco were the highest. The three proportions of fertilizer treatments can all effectively increase the average yield and output value.

Key words：tobacco leaf; biochar-substrate cake fertilizer; material ratio; fragrance and oil increase

煙草（Nicotiana tabacum Linnaeus） 為茄科一年生或有限多年生草本植物，在我國種植面積廣泛，年均種植面積超過100萬hm2，煙葉年產量達200萬t以上，已經成為部分地區的主要經濟作物[1-3]。煙草屬于葉用型作物，其產量及品質很大程度上受施肥的影響。科學的肥料管理是保障優質煙葉的關鍵。因此，研究煙葉生長發育不同階段的需肥規律，按需施肥對于優質煙葉的生產十分必要。

大量研究和生產實踐表明，生物餅肥在改善煙葉品質、增加煙葉香氣、協調煙葉化學成分等方面發揮了很好的作用[4-6]。……