




摘 要:以生物質(zhì)電廠灰和硅肥為供試肥料,在常規(guī)施肥基礎(chǔ)上研究了單施生物質(zhì)電廠灰(BFA)、單施硅肥(Si)、生物質(zhì)電廠灰與硅肥組配施用(A–Si)對水稻各部位鎘(Cd)含量以及各部位對重金屬Cd的生物富集系數(shù)和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明:與空白對照(常規(guī)施肥,不施生物質(zhì)電廠灰和硅肥)相比,A–Si處理的稻米Cd含量下降了59.5%;同時,A–Si處理下稻米和葉片對Cd的富集系數(shù)最低,根對Cd的富集系數(shù)最高;而且,該組配處理能有效降低Cd從莖稈向稻米的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),從而有效減少Cd在稻米中的累積;而單獨(dú)施用生物質(zhì)電廠灰不利于稻米Cd的降低和稻草Cd的富集,對Cd的阻控效果不佳。
關(guān)鍵詞:生物質(zhì)電廠灰;硅;鎘污染;水稻
中圖分類號:X53 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號: 1006-060X(2023)03-0046-04
Abstract:In this paper, biofuel ash discharged by the power plant and silicon fertilizer were used as test materials to compare effects of three treatments (BFA: biofuel ash; Si: silicon fertilizer; A-Si: biofuel ash + silicon fertilizer) on cadmium (Cd) content, and bioaccumulation coefficient and transfer coefficient of Cd in various parts of rice. The results showed that compared with CK (rountine fertilization without biofuel ash and silicon fertilizer)," in A-Si treatment, rice Cd content reduced by 59.5%; the bioaccumulation coefficients of Cd in rice grains and leaves were the lowest, while the bioaccumulation coefficient of Cd in roots was the highest; at the same time, A-Si treatment effectively reduced the transfer of Cd from rice straw to rice grain, thus effectively reducing the accumulation of Cd in rice grain. Conversely, applying biofuel ash alone was not conducive to Cd reduction in rice grain and Cd enrichment in rice straw, which was not ideal in blocking Cd.
Key words:biofuel ash; silicon; Cd pollution; rice
近年來,由于污水灌溉、大氣沉降以及化肥農(nóng)藥的大量使用,土壤重金屬污染日趨嚴(yán)重[1]。根據(jù)2014年發(fā)布的《全國土壤污染狀況調(diào)查公報》顯示,全國土壤總的超標(biāo)率為16.1%,其中鎘(Cd)的超標(biāo)率為7.0%,問題尤為突出[2]。Cd是一種毒性極強(qiáng)的重金屬,不但對土壤環(huán)境本身和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量造成威脅,還會通過食物鏈進(jìn)入人體累積,危害人類健康[3]。水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是我國最主要的糧食作物,在保障糧食安全中起到重要作用[4]。因此,如何減少作物對Cd的吸收,特別是如何減少Cd在水稻中的積累意義重大。
草木灰是指草本或木本植物燃燒后的殘余物,富含礦質(zhì)元素,主要成分是碳酸鉀[5],因其來源廣泛、成本低廉、養(yǎng)分齊全,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中運(yùn)用廣泛。生物質(zhì)電廠灰(Biofuel Ash,BFA)是生物質(zhì)電廠通過燃燒生物質(zhì)發(fā)電產(chǎn)生的灰,是草木灰中的一種,通過合理技術(shù)加以回收利用就可以變廢為寶。……