?稻殼生物炭施用方式對土壤理化特性及烤煙產質量的影響

摘 要：以稻殼制備的生物炭為試驗材料，以云煙87為供試烤煙品種，探究了在常規(guī)施肥基礎上采用不同方式（壟面撒施、移栽穴撒施、條施、全田翻耕撒施）增施稻殼生物炭對植煙土壤改良、煙草生長發(fā)育及產質量的影響，以不施生物炭作對照，以期為生物炭在煙草種植及煙田土壤改良方面的應用提供依據。結果表明：采用不同方式施用生物炭對植煙土壤肥力和烤煙產質量均有顯著影響，其中，全田翻耕撒施的效果最優(yōu)，顯著增加了煙田土壤的堿解氮、速效鉀含量和最大田間持水量，與CK相比分別增加了23.78%、51.31%和11.54個百分點，土壤容重降低了0.16 g/cm3；烤后煙葉的總堿、總氮、總糖、還原糖、氯離子、糖堿比和上等煙比例顯著上升。

關鍵詞：稻殼生物炭；施用方式；土壤理化特性；烤煙產質量

中圖分類號：S156.2" " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號： 1006-060X（2023）03-0040-06

Abstract：This paper studied the effects of different application methods of rice husk biochar on soil remediation， and tobacco growth， development， yield and quality. With Yunyan 87 as the test tobacco cultivar， five treatments of rice husk biochar were set based on routine fertilization， including no biochar （CK）， ridge surface broadcasting （T1）， transplanting hole broadcasting （T2）， groove fertlization （T3） and broadcasting after the whole field ploughing （T4）. The results showed that different application methods of rice husk biochar significantly affected soil fertility and tobacco yield and quality. T4 performed the best， which significantly increased the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium contents and maximum field water capacity by 23.78%， 51.31% and 11.54 percentage points， respectively， and decreased the soil bulk density by 0.16 g/cm3 compared with CK; in addition， the contents of total alkali， total nitrogen， total sugars， reducing sugars and chloride ions， sugar-nicotine ratio of flue-cured tobacco and the proportion of superior tobacco increased significantly.

Key words： rice husk biochar; application methods; soil physicochemical properties; tobacco yield and quality

煙草是我國重要的經濟作物，其種植面積和產量均位居世界前列。煙草消費稅作為我國消費稅的主要稅目，其收入占消費稅總收入的近50%[1]。近年來，受過度施肥、連作等不合理耕作的影響，植煙區(qū)土壤質量和煙草產質量均顯著下降[2-3]。作為土壤改良劑的生物炭[4]，被廣泛應用于煙草生產中[5]，具有增強土壤水分和養(yǎng)分吸附能力[6]，降低土壤容重，提高土壤中微生物的種類和數量及其生物活性[7]，增加土壤中鉀、鈣、鎂等營養(yǎng)元素含量和陽離子交換量[8]，緩解土壤酸化，提高土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性和氮肥利用效率等功效[9-10]，可有效促進煙草生長和經濟產出。……