不同生物降解地膜在大蒜上的應用?

摘 要：以濟蒜3號和金鄉紫皮蒜為試材，研究了白色0.001 4 mm厚（T1）、白色0.001 0 mm厚（T2）、黑色0.001 0 mm厚（T3）PBAT生物降解地膜以及0.001 0 mm厚白色聚乙烯普通地膜（CK）對大蒜生長發育和產量的影響。結果表明：T1和T2處理具有較好的保溫效果，T3處理由于大蒜春季花芽鱗芽分化期0～10 cm土層的溫度顯著低于T1、T2處理和CK，大蒜的凍死苗率在嘉祥縣鄉情農作物種植專業合作社和濟寧市高新區黃淮海現代農業研究中心分別達18.92%和19.89%；T3處理的大蒜單株葉片數、后期功能葉片數、地上假莖高、地上假莖粗、抽薹率、蒜薹單薹重和蒜薹產量等主要地上部農藝性狀指標以及鱗莖橫徑、鱗芽高和鱗莖盤直徑等主要鱗莖農藝性狀指標均顯著低于T1、T2處理和CK，而T1、T2處理和CK間主要地上部農藝性狀和鱗莖農藝性狀指標均無顯著性差異；在上述2個試驗點上干鱗莖產量以T1處理最高，分別為1 392.84和1 076.70 kg/667m2，但T1、T2和CK間沒有顯著性差異。因此，白色PBAT生物降解膜在促進大蒜生長發育、保持地溫、促進抽薹和鱗莖形成方面與普通地膜的效果相當，可以在生產上推廣。

關鍵詞：大蒜；生物降解地膜；地膜顏色；生長發育

中圖分類號：S633.4 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）03-0036-04

Abstract：Effects of three types of PBAT biodegradable film （T1： white， 0.001 4 mm thick; T2： white， 0.001 0 mm thick; T3： black， 0.001 0 mm thick）" on the growth and yield of garlic （Allium sativum L.） were studied， with the common polyethylene plastic film （white， 0.001 0 mm thick ） as CK. The tested garlic cultivars were \"Jisuan 3\" and \"Jinxiang purple garlic\". The results showed that T1 and T2 had a good function of heat preservation. But T3 was significantly lower than T1， T2 and CK in soil temperature of the 0-10 cm underground soil layer during the spring flower bud and bulbil differentiation stages， resulting in the cold mortality of garlic seedlings being 18.92% at Xiangqing Crop Planting Professional Cooperative of Jiaxiang County and 19.89% at Huanghuaihai Modern Agriculture Research Center in Jining High-Tech Zone; it was also significantly lower than T1， T2 and CK in major agronomic trait indicators of the aboveground part （the leaf number per plant， functional leaf number at later stage， pesudostem length， pesudostem thickness， bolting percentage， single bolt weight and bolt yield） and of the bulb （bulb transverse diameter， bulbil height and bulb disc diameter）， but no significant differences of major agronomic traits of the aboveground part and bulb occurred between T1， T2 and CK." At the above two trial sites， the two highest dry bulb yields of 20 892.6 and 16 150.5 kg/hm2 were obtained by T1， whereas there were no significant differences between T1， T2 and CK. In conclusion， white PBAT biodegradable film is as good as common mulching film in promoting garlic growth and development， maintaining soil temperature， and promoting bolting and bulb formation， so it could be promoted in production.

Key words： garlic （Allium sativum L.）; biodegradable mulching film; film colour;" growth and development

大蒜為百合科蔥屬植物，由于其富含大蒜素等獨特成分，具有抗氧化、滅菌、預防癌癥等藥用價值[1-2]。我國是世界上大蒜種植面積最大、產量最高 的國家，大蒜也是我國重要的出口創匯農產品[3-4]。我國北方大蒜產區由于冬季溫度較低，露地種植容易受凍害和干旱影響，地膜覆蓋栽培能夠顯著促進其生長發育。……