?解磷菌對油麥菜的促生作用

摘 要：為了探討解磷菌對作物的促生作用，以自主篩選保藏的4株解磷菌為試材，采用盆栽試驗，研究了解磷菌對油麥菜的促生作用。結果表明：4株解磷菌對油麥菜的生長均有促進作用，以W-3菌株處理對油麥菜的促生效果最好，不僅油麥菜的株高明顯高于其他處理，而且其植株鮮重、干重和根干重分別比CK增加40.26%、58.02%和33.33%，其次是W-1菌株處理，其植株鮮重、干重和根干重分別比CK增加11.17%、35.80%和33.33%；對油麥菜采收后盆栽土壤有效磷含量和pH值進行分析的結果發現，W-3和W-1菌株處理后其土壤有效磷含量分別為41.39和40.22 mg/kg，分別比CK高9.96%和6.85%，pH值分別為7.70和7.72，分別比CK降低3.14%和2.89%。因此，解磷菌可分泌致酸物質導致土壤pH值下降，使土壤中難溶性磷溶解，從而有效提高土壤中有效磷含量，以W-3菌株處理的效果最好，其次是W-1菌株處理。

關鍵詞：油麥菜；解磷菌；促生作用；有效磷；pH值

中圖分類號：S144 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）03-0031-05

Abstract：A potted experiment was carried out to investigate the promoting effect of four inorganic phosphate-solubilizing dominant strains on the growth and development of lettuce （Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf） seedlings. The results showed that all the four phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms promoted the lettuce seedlings growth， particularly strain W-3 performed the best with the plant height significantly higher than the other treatments; compared with CK， strain W-3 treatment increased fresh plant weight by 40.26%， dry plant weight by 58.02% and dry root weight by 33.33%; strain W-1 treatment ranked the second， which increased fresh plant weight by 11.17%， dry plant weight by 35.80% and dry root weight by 33.33%. After harvest， the available phosphorus content of the pot soil inoculated with strains W-3 and W-1 was 41.39 and 40.22 mg/kg， respectively， 9.96% and 6.85% higher than CK， and the pH value was 7.70 and 7.72， respectively， 3.14% and 2.89% lower than CK. In conclusion， phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms could effectively improve the content of available phosphorus in soil by secreting acidogenic substances to reduce soil pH and dissolve insoluble phosphorus in the soil. Strain W-3 treatment had the best effect， followed by strain W-1 treatment.

Key words： Lactuca sativa var. longifoliaf; phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms; growth promoting effect; soil available phosphorus; pH value

土壤中能被植物吸收利用的有效態磷僅占全磷量的2% ～3%，施入的磷肥當季利用率僅為5% ～25%，大量殘留的磷在土壤中極易形成難溶解、難吸收的磷酸鹽[1-3]。因此，常常依靠在耕作中不斷施入磷肥來維持土壤中較高的有效磷含量以供作物高產所需，這不僅造成了高成本、低效率和嚴重浪費，而且也加劇了土壤板結、酸化及水體污染等環境問題[4-5]。解磷微生物是指能夠將土壤中植物難以直接吸收利用的磷轉化為可吸收利用形態的一類微生物。一般認為，解磷微生物能夠分泌有機酸使土壤的pH值降低，還能與鐵、鋁、鈣等離子結合使難溶性磷酸鹽溶解[6-7]。……