?植物生長調節劑對干旱脅迫下辣椒生長的調控作用

摘 要：為了篩選出辣椒在遭受輕度干旱脅迫時適宜于開花坐果期應用的抗旱效果好的外源生長調節劑及其合適的濃度，以辣椒品種軟皮2307為試材，采用盆栽試驗研究了噴施不同濃度的0.1% 24 -表蕓·三十烷醇、1%吲哚丁酸·三十烷醇、1% 吲哚丁酸·S -誘抗素、5%糠氨基嘌呤和4% 三十烷醇·芐氨基嘌呤對辣椒生理活動和產量的影響。結果表明：辣椒在中度干旱脅迫下，噴施上述5種不同濃度生長調節劑都可以提高辣椒葉片的凈光合速率、氣孔導度、胞間CO2濃度和蒸騰速率，其中凈光合速率增加最多的前2個處理為A2（0.1% 24 -表蕓·三十烷醇2×10-2 mg/L）和C1處理（1%吲哚丁酸·S -誘抗素2×10-2 mg /L），分別比CK增加59.60%和52.10%，B1處理（1%吲哚丁酸·三十烷醇2×10-2 mg/L）的胞間CO2濃度增加最多，比CK增加12.85%，B1處理的氣孔導度值最高，B1和C2處理（1%吲哚丁酸·S -誘抗素 4×10-2 mg/L）的蒸騰速率最高；噴施生長調節劑后葉片的葉綠素相對含量（SPAD）、POD活性和辣椒產量均比CK增加，而MDA含量比CK明顯下降，其中SPAD增加較多的前3個處理為A2、C1和C2處理，分別較CK增加36.21%、25.55%和24.36%，POD活性增加較多的前4個處理為C1、A2、C2和B1處理，分別較CK增加50.60%、43.69%、29.94%和24.58%，產量增加較多的前4個處理為C1、A2、B1和C2，分別比CK增加48.71%、41.84%、37.01%和35.92%，MDA含量下降較多的前2個處理為C1和A2，分別比CK下降41.94%和40.86%。綜合考慮各項指標，以A2和C1處理的效果最好，其次是B1和C2處理。

關鍵詞：辣椒；生長調節劑；干旱脅迫；生理特性；光合特性

中圖分類號：S641.3 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）03-0021-06

Abstract：A pot experiment was conducted with Soft Skin 2307 pepper to study the effects of spraying different concentrations of 0.1% 24-epibrassinolide·triacontanol， 1% indolebutyric acid·triacontanol， 1% indolebutyric acid·S-abscisic acid， 5% kinetin and 4% triacontanol·6-benzylaminopurine on the physiological activity and yield of pepper， so as to screen suitable exogenous growth regulators and appropriate concentrations for pepper flowering and fruiting under mild drought stress. The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate， stomatal conductance， intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate of pepper leaves under moderate drought stress were all increased by spraying different concentrations of the five growth regulators. The top two treatments with the highest increase of net photosynthetic rate were A2 （2×10-2 mg/L of 0.1% 24-epibrassinolide·triacontanol） and C1 （2×10-2 mg/L of 1% indolebutyric acid·S-abscisic acid）， with a respective 59.60% and 52.10% increase over CK. B1 treatment （2×10-2 mg/L of 1% indolebutyric acid·triacontanol） had the highest stomatal conductance value， and the highest increase in intercellular CO2 concentration which was 12.85% over CK. Treatments B1 and C2 （4×10-2 mg/L of 1% indolebutyric acid·S-abscisic acid） had the highest transpiration rates. After spraying growth regulators， the" relative chlorophyll content （SPAD）， POD activity and pepper yield all increased while MDA content significantly decreased compared with CK; the top three treatments with higher increases of SPAD were A2， C1 and C2， increased by 36.21%， 25.55% and 24.36%， respectively compared with CK; the top four treatments with higher increases of POD activity were C1， A2， C2 and B1 treatments， increased by 50.60%， 43.69%， 29.94% and 24.58%， respectively compared with CK; the top four treatments with higher yield increases were C1， A2， B1 and C2， increased by 48.71%， 41.84%， 37.01% and 35.92%， respectively compared with CK; the top two treatments with higher decreases in MDA content were C1 and A2， decreased by 41.94% and 40.86%， respectively compared with CK. Comprehensively considering all the indicators， A2 and C1 treatments produced the best effects， followed by B1 and C2 treatments.

Key words： pepper; growth regulators： drought stress; physio-logical properties; photosynthetic properties

之一，對全球農作物產量的影響在所有自然災害中占53%，其危害程度超過其他自然災害之和[1]。全球80%耕地的主要水源都依賴于自然降水，這些耕地三分之一以上常年面臨干旱問題[2]。……