?種植密度和留葉數對盧氏煙區云煙99產質量的影響

摘 要：為了提升云煙99在盧氏煙區的種植水平，充分發揮品種潛力，采用雙因素隨機區組設計，研究了種植密度（M1：1.20 m×0.55 m，15 000株/hm2；M2：1.20 m×0.50 m，16 500株/hm2；M3：1.20 m×0.45 m，18 000株/hm2）和留葉數（L1：14片/株；L2：16片/株；L3：18片/株）對云煙99的農藝性狀、生長發育、經濟性狀以及烤后煙葉內在化學成分和感官質量的影響。結果表明：種植密度和留葉數對云煙99煙株各部位的生長發育有不同的調控效應；中等種植密度種植條件下，云煙99的田間群體結構較合理，烤后煙葉的均價、產量和產值較高；烤后煙葉總糖、還原糖和鉀含量較高，總氮含量較低，化學成分更協調，中上部烤后煙葉的香氣量較高，質量較好。綜合分析認為，在盧氏煙區現行施肥條件下，適度提高種植密度、增加留葉數，可提高煙葉質量，以行株距1.20 m×0.50 m，留葉18片/株種植云煙99，可獲得較佳經濟效益。

關鍵詞：烤煙；種植密度；留葉數；云煙99；產質量

中圖分類號：S359.1；S363 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號： 1006-060X（2023）04-0019-06

Abstract： In order to improve the planting profit of Yunyan 99 in Lushi tobacco area and fully explore its varietal potential，" differences of growth and development， agronomic characters， economic characters， and flue-cured tobacco internal chemical composition and sensory quality of Yunyan 99 under three planting densities （M1： 1.20 m × 0.55 m， 15 000 plants/hm2; M2： 1.20 m × 0.50 m， 16 500 plants/hm2; M3： 1.20 m × 0.45 m， 18 000 plants/hm2） and three remained leaf numbers （L1： 14 leaves/plant; L2： 16 leaves/plant; L3： 18 leaves/plant） were compared by using a two-factor randomized block design. The results showed that the planting density and remained leaf number had different regulation effects on the growth and development of each part of the tobacco plants. At the medium planting density， Yunyan 99 had more reasonable field population structure， and higher average price， yield and output value， whose cured leaves had more total sugar， reducing sugar and potassium contents， lower total nitrogen content， more harmonious chemical composition， and whose middle and upper cured leaves had richer aroma and better quality compared to other treatments. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the appropriate increases of planting density and remained leaf number of Yunyan 99 under current fertilization conditions can improve tobacco quality; the treament （row spacing × plant spacing=1.20 m × 0.50 m; 18 leaves/plant） will obtain better economic benefits.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco; planting density; remained leaf number; Yunyan 99; yield and quality

三門峽盧氏煙區是河南煙葉的主產區，所產煙葉以“色澤金黃，油潤豐滿，吃味醇和，香氣清雅”的獨特風格和內在品質備受工業企業青睞[1]。近年來，云煙99由于綜合抗病性好、煙葉顏色金黃、成熟度好、結構疏松[2]、種植效益較高等優點而備受煙農喜愛，在盧氏煙區的種植面積逐年增加[3]。然而，在生產中普遍存在種植密度過低、留葉數過少、單株營養過剩、葉片發育過度等情況，導致烤后煙葉葉片過厚、品質下降等問題。

大量研究表明，合理的種植密度和留葉數能改善煙田微氣候，增強群體的光合性能，促進干物質積累和合理分配，提升煙葉經濟效益和工業可加工性，從而達到提高煙草產質量的目的[4-7]。……