不同成熟度采收對湘南煙區云煙87上部煙葉產質量的影響?

摘 要：以云煙 87為供試烤煙品種，以上部倒數第三葉的成熟度分別達到0.8、1.0（CK）和1.2時統一采收上部葉，分析各處理煙葉的經濟性狀、內在化學成分、感官品質及致香物質含量等的差異，探索永州地區云煙87上部葉的適宜采收時期，為提高當地煙葉品質、彰顯濃香風格特色提供技術支撐。結果表明：隨采收成熟度的提高，烤煙上部葉的煙堿含量不斷增加，單產和感官品質不斷下降；成熟度0.8時采收，上部葉整體表現最佳，煙葉經濟性狀、化學成分、感官品質等指標均優于對照，且產量和致香物質含量在各處理中表現最優，相比對照產值增加305元/hm2，還原糖增加36.7%，煙堿降低12.3%，感官評吸得分提高2.5分；成熟度1.2時采收，上部葉產值最優，化學成分及致香物質含量也優于對照，但感官評吸質量不佳。因此，成熟度0.8時采收可作為湘南煙區改善云煙87上部葉品質，彰顯濃香特色的有效途徑。

關鍵詞：云煙87；成熟度；上部煙葉；煙堿；致香物質

中圖分類號：S372 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）04-0090-04

Abstract：This paper has explored the optimal harvesting time for upper leaves of Yunyan 87 in Yongzhou area， aiming at providing technique support for improving local tobacco quality and highlighting aroma character of tobacco. Differences in economic traits， intrinsic chemical components， sensory quality， and aroma substances of the upper leaves of Yunyan 87 harvested respectively at maturity 0.8， 1.0 （CK） and 1.2 for the antepenultimate leaf on the upper stem were analyzed. The results showed that， with the increasing of harvest maturity， the nicotine content in the upper leaves continued to increase， while the yield and sensory quality continued to decline. When harvested at maturity 0.8， the upper leaves was of the best overall performance with" economic traits， chemical composition and sensory quality superior to CK; moreover， the yield and aroma substance content performed the best in all the treatments; compared with CK， the output value increased by 305 yuan/hm2， reducing sugar content incresed by 36.7%， nicotine level decreased by 12.3%， and sensory evaluation score increased by 2.5 points. When the maturity was 1.2， the output value of the upper leaves was the highest， and the chemical composition and aroma substance content were superior to CK， but the sensory evaluation was not so good. Therefore， harvesting at maturity 0.8 can be used as an effective way to improve the quality of upper leaves of Yunyan 87 tobacco and to highlight its aroma character in Southern Hunan tobacco-growing area.

Key words： Yunyan 87; maturity; upper leaves; nicotine; aromatic components

煙葉是卷煙工業最關鍵、最基礎的原料，其質量決定著卷煙制品的品質[1]，而烤煙上部煙葉在煙葉原料中占有重要地位，產量約占單株煙葉產量的40%[2]，優質上部葉對卷煙香味及風格有重要影響。上部煙葉成熟度與其外觀質量和感官品質密切相關，而目前生產上普遍存在上部葉成熟度不佳的問題，影響了煙葉的品質和工業可用性[3-4]。對此，各工業企業高度重視烤煙上部煙葉可用性的開發，對提高上部煙葉質量開展了諸多研究，以提高上部煙葉的使用價值。……