




摘 要:煙草葉部病害是煙草生產中的主要病害,嚴重影響煙葉的產量和品質,易流行造成重大經濟損失。2020—2021年對湖南省各煙區的煙草病害進行了調查,在郴州煙區煙葉上發現了一種新的葉部病害。為了明確引起該葉部病害的病原菌,采集了具有典型癥狀的煙草病葉進行病原菌的分離、純化、菌落形態觀察、分子生物學鑒定以及致病性測定。結果表明,該葉部病害是由高粱附球菌Epicoccum sorghinum 引起的葉斑病,該病害侵染煙草葉片,病斑形狀為橢圓形或不規則形,呈淡褐色或深褐色,病斑周圍有明顯的黃色暈圈。據查這是湖南省首次發現由E. sorghinum引起的煙草葉斑病。
關鍵詞:煙草;葉斑病;病原菌鑒定;高粱附球菌
中圖分類號:S432.44 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)04-0066-04
Abstract:Leaf diseases as an important disease on tobacco seriously affect the yield and quality of tobacco leaves and are easy to spread and cause heavy economic losses. During our investigation on tobacco diseases in Hunan Province from 2020 to 2021, a new tobacco leaf disease was found in Chenzhou tobacco-growing area. To clarify its pathogen, diseased leaves with typical symptoms were collected and subjected to pathogen isolation, purification, colony morphology observation, molecular identification and pathogenicity confirmation. Results showed that it was leaf spot disease caused by Epicoccum sorghinum. This pathogen mainly infected tobacco leaves, forming oval or irregular, light brown or dark brown spots surrounded with obvious yellow halos. To our knowledge, this was the first report of E. sorghinum causing leaf spot on tobacco in Hunan Province.
Key words: Nicotiana tabacum L.; leaf spot disease; pathogen identification; Epicoccum sorghinum
煙草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)是我國重要的經濟作物,也是一種藥用植物。近年來,由于氣候環境的變化,加之種植品種單一、煙田連作比例高等因素,煙草病害也愈發嚴重,且種類多樣,除了常規的青枯病、黑脛病、病毒病等普遍發生以外,其他非主要病害也零星發生。由于診斷困難加大了防治難度,延誤了最佳防治時期,因此這些非主要病害極易發展為主要病害。例如:2019年在湖南發現煙草靶斑病零星發生[1],而此后該病害在湖南各煙區流行發病,給煙農帶來了嚴重的經濟損失。因此,及時了解煙草發病情況,明確病因及其流行規律是保障煙葉安全生產的重要舉措。
2020—2022年,在湖南省各煙區進行病害調查時,發現了一些葉部病害導致煙草嚴重減產和品質下降,其中在湖南省郴州市桂陽縣煙區發現了一種發生較普遍的葉部病害,由于田間現場鑒定困難,因此病因不明確,未能有效識別和防控,造成了較大的損失。……