40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑·吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑防治桃樹(shù)炭疽病的藥效及安全性評(píng)價(jià)?

摘 要：為了尋找有效并且安全的桃樹(shù)炭疽病防治藥劑，對(duì)不同稀釋倍數(shù)40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑·吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑對(duì)桃樹(shù)炭疽病的防治效果和安全性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明：末次施藥后7 d時(shí)，以2 000倍液處理的防效最高，達(dá)95.27%，其次是2 500和3 000倍液處理，其防效分別為92.94%和90.07%，均顯著高于40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑懸浮劑2 500倍液（CK1）的84.16%和25%吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑1 250倍液（CK2）的87.28%；末次施藥后14 d時(shí)，對(duì)桃樹(shù)炭疽病葉片的防治效果和果實(shí)的防治效果均以2 000倍液處理的防效最高，分別為93.25%和96.63%，其次是2 500和3 000倍液處理，均顯著高于CK1和CK2；安全性試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，在試驗(yàn)設(shè)定的濃度范圍內(nèi)，40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑·吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑對(duì)供試桃品種安全。因此，在桃樹(shù)炭疽病發(fā)病初期連續(xù)施用40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑·吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑2 000～3 000倍液2次，間隔時(shí)間15 d，對(duì)桃樹(shù)炭疽病具有較好的防效，可在生產(chǎn)上推廣應(yīng)用。

關(guān)鍵詞：桃樹(shù)；炭疽病；40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑·吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑；防效；安全性

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)：S436.621 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）04-0070-03

Abstract： In order to find an effective and safe control agent for peach anthracnose， efficacy and safety tests were performed with different dosages of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 40% SC. The results showed that 7 days after the last application， the 2 000 times solution of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 40% SC produced the best control effect of 95.27%， followed by its 2 500 times and 3 000 times solutions whose control effects were 92.94% and 90.07%， respectively significantly higher than 84.16% of CK1 （2 500 times solution of difenoconazole 40% SC） and 87.28% of CK2 （1 250 times solution of pyraclostrobin 25% SC）; 14 days after the last application， the 2000 times solution of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobine 40% SC achieved the highest control effects of 93.25% and 96.63%， respectively for the leaves and fruits， followed by its 2 500 times and 3 000 times solutions， all significantly surpassing CK1 and CK2; and the safety test results showed that in the given dosage range， difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 40% SC was safe to the tested peach varieties. Therefore， in the early disease stage， continuously applying 2000-3000 times solution of difenoconazole ·pyraclostrobine 40% SC twice at an interval of 15 days will have good control effect on peach anthracnose disease， which can be promoted in production.

Key words： peach trees; anthracnose; difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 40% SC; control effect; safety

苯醚甲環(huán)唑是一種兼具保護(hù)性和治療性作用的三唑類(lèi)內(nèi)吸性殺菌劑，安全廣譜，可防治多種植物病害；吡唑醚菌酯為廣譜性甲氧基丙烯酸酯類(lèi)殺菌劑，具有保護(hù)、冶療、葉片滲透?jìng)鲗?dǎo)作用，主要用于防冶作物由真菌引起的多種病害[1]。桃樹(shù)炭疽病（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）是桃的主要病害，主要危害果實(shí)，幼果染病后即萎縮、硬化、脫落，也侵害葉片和新稍，對(duì)桃的產(chǎn)量影響極大。為了篩選出用于桃樹(shù)炭疽病防治的高效、低毒、低殘留農(nóng)藥，筆者對(duì)苯醚甲環(huán)唑與吡唑醚菌酯的復(fù)配產(chǎn)品40%苯醚甲環(huán)唑·吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑防治桃樹(shù)炭疽病的藥效及安全性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。……