保幼激素類似物ZR-515對七星瓢蟲生物學特性的影響?

摘 要：為了解保幼激素對七星瓢蟲成蟲生物學特性的影響。采用室內試驗，試驗組以5組添加不同濃度保幼激素類似物ZR-515（A、B、C、D、E濃度分別為5、15、25、35、45 μL/L）的人工飼料與蚜蟲組合飼養七星瓢蟲成蟲，對照組（CK）以純蚜蟲飼養七星瓢蟲成蟲，測定各處理七星瓢蟲的有效產卵量、交配、取食、體重、存活率。結果表明：（1）CK、A、B、C、D、E組七星瓢蟲的有效產卵量分別為514.85±38.46、349.11±23.84、182.37±15.99、133.76±13.86、154.76±10.03、109.91±10.37粒，CK組極顯著高于其他組，A組顯著高于B、C、D、E組，但B、C、D、E組之間沒有顯著性差異。（2）交配頻率A組最高，為0.42±0.09次/min；取食頻率C組最高，為0.48±0.08 次/min；體重A組最重，為46.50±11.60 mg/只；存活率E組最高，為（68.33±10.15）%。以上指標各處理之間均無顯著性差異。試驗證實，以添加5 μL/L保幼激素的人工飼料與蚜蟲組合飼養七星瓢蟲，其有效產卵量較高，其余生物學指標未受影響，該飼養模式可以作為七星瓢蟲蚜蟲減量飼養模式。

關鍵詞：七星瓢蟲；保幼激素；生物防治

中圖分類號：S646.6 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）04-0025-06

Abstract： To understand the effect of juvenile hormone on biological characteristics of Coccinella septempunctata adults， an indoor feeding experiment was conducted by setting five treatment groups in which C. septempunctata adults were alternately fed on artificial feed containing five concentration gradients of juvenile hormone analogue ZR-515 （A： 5 μL/L; B： 15 μL/L; C： 25 μL/L; D： 35 μL/L; E： 45 μL/L） and fresh aphids， with the adults only fed on fresh aphids as the CK group. During the experiment， the effective number of eggs， mating， feeding， average body weight， and survival rate were measured. Results showed that： （1） The effective number of eggs in groups CK， A， B， C， D and E was 514.85±38.46， 349.11±23.84， 182.37±15.99， 133.76±13.86， 154.76±10.03 and 109.91±10.37， respectively， among which CK was extremely significantly higher than that of the other five groups， group A was significantly higher than groups B， C， D and E， but no significant differences existed between groups B， C， D and E. （2） The mating frequency of group A was the highest， reaching 0.42±0.09 times/min; the highest feeding frequency of 0.48±0.08 times/min was achieved by group C; group A obtained the highest average body weight of 46.50±11.60 mg/one adult; the survival rate of group E was the highest of （68.33±10.15） %; each of the above indicators did not have significant differences between the six experimental groups. In conclusion， alternately feeding artificial feed added 5 uL/L juvenile hormone and fresh aphids will get a large number of effective eggs， leaving the other biological indicators unaffected， so the breeding model can reduce the addition amount of aphids needed.

Key words： Coccinella septempunctata; juvenile hormone; biological control

七星瓢蟲（Coccinella septempunctata），廣泛分布于北美，亞歐三大洲。在我全國范圍均有分布，常見于農田、菜園、郊區、果園等處。是隸屬于鞘翅目瓢蟲科瓢蟲屬的完全變態昆蟲，一生要經歷卵、幼蟲、蛹和成蟲四個階段。其成蟲體長在5.2～6.5 mm，寬4.0～5.6 mm左右，蟲身呈半球形且光滑，剛羽化后的成蟲呈亮黃色，柔軟而脆弱，過2～3 h變蛻變為紅色，且翅身均勻出現七個黑色斑點，也由此得名七星瓢蟲。七星瓢蟲屬于生物益蟲，其幼蟲與成蟲均可大量捕食豆蚜、棉蚜、介殼蟲等害蟲。棉蚜等害蟲廣泛存在于農作物，以及煙草、茶葉等經濟作物中，啃食植物擴散多種植物病毒病而造成更大的危害。……