烤煙新引品種在文山煙區(qū)的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及烘烤特性?

摘 要：以云煙87為對(duì)照，比較了新引烤煙品種KRK26、NC102和NC297在文山州硯山縣的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育情況及煙葉烘烤特性，為選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)特色烤煙品種推廣提供依據(jù)。結(jié)果表明：NC297生育期最長(zhǎng)；KRK26株高最高，與其余3個(gè)品種差異達(dá)顯著，其他農(nóng)藝性狀差異較小；在同一烘烤工藝下，與對(duì)照相比，KRK26品種失水特性較好，烤后煙葉淀粉含量最低，耐烤性較好，且烤后產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和初烤煙葉的感官評(píng)吸質(zhì)量最高；而NC297失水快，多酚氧化酶在定色期含量較高，初烤煙葉產(chǎn)質(zhì)量較差；NC102初烤煙葉淀粉降解不充分，導(dǎo)致評(píng)吸質(zhì)量較低。綜上所述，KRK26烤煙品種在文山煙區(qū)最有推廣潛力。

關(guān)鍵詞：烤煙品種；生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育；烤煙產(chǎn)值；烘烤特性

中圖分類號(hào)：S572 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）04-0005-05

Abstract：With Yunyan 87 as a control， the growth， development， and curing characteristics of tobacco varieties KRK26， NC102 and NC297 newly introduced into Yanshan County， Wenshan Prefecture were compared， so as to provide theoretical basis for selecting high quality and characteristic tobacco varieties. The results showed that the growth period of NC297 was the longest; the plant height" of KRK26 was the highest， significantly different from that of the three other varieties， and no significant differences were present in the other agronomic traits." Compared with the control under the same curing process， KRK26 had better water loss properties， the lowest starch content， better flue-curing resistance， the highest yield and quality， and the best sensuous and smoking quality after curing. NC297 lost water quickly， its polyphenol oxidase content was higher in the color-fixing period， and its first-cured leaves were poor in yield and quality. The starch degradation of first-cured leaves of NC102 was insufficient， resulting in low smoking quality. To sum up， KRK26 tobacco variety has the most potential to be popularized in Wenshan tobacco production area.

Key words：tobacco varieties; growth and development; flue-cured tobacco output value; curing characteristics

品種特性決定了烤煙的農(nóng)藝性狀和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)。優(yōu)良的品種對(duì)提高煙葉質(zhì)量至關(guān)重要，是決定其風(fēng)格特色的關(guān)鍵因素[1–2]。然而相同品種在不同地區(qū)的產(chǎn)質(zhì)量表現(xiàn)存在一定差異，這與自然條件以及栽培調(diào)制技術(shù)密切相關(guān)[3]。要想充分發(fā)揮優(yōu)良烤煙品種的生產(chǎn)潛力，就必需考慮與其相適應(yīng)的自然條件以及相配套的農(nóng)藝措施，從外部條件入手提高烤煙的適應(yīng)性、增強(qiáng)抗病能力、改善煙葉內(nèi)在品質(zhì)、提高初烤煙葉經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[4–6]。

云南省東南部的文山州地處巖溶丘原地貌，屬于亞熱帶高原季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，光照充足、降雨充沛、溫度適宜，是優(yōu)質(zhì)煙草種植區(qū)域之一[7]。目前，文山的烤煙品種單一化，已無(wú)法滿足中式卷煙對(duì)特色優(yōu)質(zhì)煙葉原料的多樣化需求?！?br>