?茶樹炭疽病防治田間藥效試驗?

摘 要：為了篩選出防治茶樹炭疽病的高效、安全、低毒和環境友好的防控藥劑，選用5種化學殺菌劑和4種生物殺菌劑開展了茶樹炭疽病防治的田間藥效試驗。結果表明：供試殺菌劑對茶樹炭疽病均具有一定的防治效果，5種化學殺菌劑末次施藥后7和14 d的防治效果分別為67.0%～82.6%和65.1%～83.5%，4種生物殺菌劑末次施藥后7和14 d的防治效果分別為42.2%～68.6%和36.4%～67.3%；5種化學殺菌劑中以處理1（25%吡唑醚菌酯懸浮劑1 500倍液）對茶樹炭疽病的防治效果最好，末次施藥后7和14 d的防治效果分別為82.6%和83.5%，顯著高于其他處理；其次是處理4（10%苯醚甲環唑水分散粒劑1 250倍液）和處理5（22.5%啶氧菌酯懸浮劑1 500倍液），末次施藥后14 d的防治效果分別為76.8%和79.7%，對茶樹炭疽病的防治效果顯著高于除處理1以外的其他處理；4個生物殺菌劑中以處理9（10%多抗霉素可濕性粉劑90 g/667m2）對茶樹炭疽病的防治效果最好，末次施藥后7和14 d的防治效果分別為68.6%和67.3%，與化學殺菌劑處理75%百菌清可濕性粉劑700倍液（處理2）和80%代森鋅可濕性粉劑600倍液（處理3）的防治效果無顯著性差異。

關鍵詞：茶樹；炭疽病；殺菌劑；安全性；防治效果

中圖分類號：S435.711 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）04-0073-03

Abstract：Anthracnose is a common leaf disease on tea brushes， which not only reduces tea yield， but also seriously affects tea quality and economic benefits. In order to screen high-efficiency， safe， low-toxicity and environment-friendly agents for the control of tea anthracnose， the field efficacy test of five chemical fungicides and four biological fungicides was carried out. The results showed that the tested fungicides all had certain control effects on tea anthracnose; in detail， the five chemical fungicides reached 67.0%-82.6% of control effects 7 days after the last application and 65.1%-83.5% 14 days after the last application， while the four biological fungicides reached 42.2%-68.6% and 36.4%-67.3%， respectively. Among the five chemical fungicides， treatment 1 （1 500 times solution of pyraclostrobin 25% SC） had the best control effect on tea anthracnose， which was 82.6% and 83.5%， respectively 7 and 14 days after the last application， significantly higher than the other treatments; treatment 4 （1 250 times solution of difenoconazole 10% WG） and treatment 5 （1 500 times solution of picoxystrobin 22.5% SC） ranked the second with control effects of 76.8% and 79.7%， respectively 14 days after the last application， which were significantly higher than the other treatments except treatment 1. Among the four biological fungicides， treatment 9 （1 350 g/hm2 of polyoxamycin 10% WP） had the best control effect on tea anthracnose， reaching 68.6% and 67.3%， respectively 7 and 14 days after the last application， which had no significant differences compared with treatment 2 （700 times solution of chlorothalonil 75% WP） and treatment 3 （600 times solution of zineb 80% WP）.

Key words： tea brushes; anthracnose; fungicide; safety; control effect

湖南的茶業發展具有得天獨厚的自然條件，茶產業基礎較好、產茶種類齊全、茶葉品質好，但茶炭疽病作為茶樹葉部主要病害之一，近年來其為害趨勢漸重，尤其是在湖南的梅雨季節（5月下旬至6月上旬）和秋雨期（8月下旬至9月上旬）發生較重[1]。茶炭疽病病菌（Gloeosporium theae-sinensis Miyake）屬半知菌亞門真菌，主要為害成葉，也可為害嫩葉和老葉，發病初期先從葉緣或葉尖產生暗綠色水漬狀病斑，后沿葉脈擴大成不規則形病斑，逐漸變為褐色或紅褐色，最后變為灰白色，可導致茶樹大量落葉、樹勢衰弱、產量和品質降低[2-3]。……