茄果類蔬菜自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)夾取式取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的研究進(jìn)展?

摘 要：茄果類蔬菜種植規(guī)模大，育苗移栽環(huán)節(jié)勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、效率低。為提高茄果類蔬菜移栽質(zhì)量和效率，自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。夾取式取苗機(jī)構(gòu)是茄果類蔬菜自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)的關(guān)鍵部件，該部件的性能將直接影響移栽缽苗的質(zhì)量。綜述了夾取式（夾莖式和夾缽式兩類）取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的研究現(xiàn)狀，在總結(jié)和分析夾莖式和夾缽式取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和工作原理的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了制約夾取式取苗機(jī)構(gòu)和茄果類自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)發(fā)展的原因，并從提高農(nóng)機(jī)與農(nóng)藝融合程度；提高控制系統(tǒng)精度，增強(qiáng)對(duì)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)材質(zhì)的相關(guān)研究；提高移栽機(jī)的自動(dòng)化、智能化和一體化程度等方面提出了該領(lǐng)域未來(lái)的研發(fā)重點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：茄果類蔬菜；自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)；取苗機(jī)構(gòu)；夾取式；綜述

中圖分類號(hào)：S223.94；S641.9 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1006-060X（2023）04-0103-06

Abstract： Solanaceous vegetables are grown on a large scale. Their seedling transplanting is labor-intensive and inefficient. In order to improve the quality and efficiency of solanaceous vegetables transplanting， automatic transplanting machine comes into being. A clamping type seedling picking mechanism is a key component of the automatic transplanting machine for solanaceous vegetables， and the performance of this component will directly affect the quality of transplanting potted seedlings. This paper summarizes the research status on two types of commonly used seedling picking mechanisms， namely， stem clamping type and bowl clamping type， and according to their advantages， disadvantages and working principle， further analyzes the reasons limiting the development of clamping type seedling picking mechanism and automatic transplanting machine for solanaceous vegetables. Finally， it points out the future research will focus on： enhancing the combining of agricultural machinery and agronomy; improving accuracy of the control system of seedling extraction mechanism， and strengthening research on materials of seedling picking mechanisms; and improving the automated， intelligent and integrated levels of transplanters.

Key words： solanaceous vegetables; automatic transplanting machine; seedling picking mechanism; clamping type; review

茄果類蔬菜是人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪械谋匦杵罚休^高的經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值[1]。育苗移栽是目前最主要的蔬菜移栽種植方式[2]，育苗移栽機(jī)有利于提高移栽效率、減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度、降低人工成本等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[3]。隨著農(nóng)業(yè)勞動(dòng)力人口的減少以及老齡化的加劇，移栽機(jī)的自動(dòng)化、智能化、多功能化和通用性逐漸成為了發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。

蔬菜移栽取苗機(jī)構(gòu)是移栽機(jī)的核心裝置[4]，目前普遍采用夾取方式取苗。為了提高育苗移栽的效率和質(zhì)量，人們對(duì)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的結(jié)構(gòu)類型和驅(qū)動(dòng)方式做了較多的研究[5]。筆者綜述了目前國(guó)內(nèi)外夾取式自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的研究現(xiàn)狀，并根據(jù)缽苗的夾持部位將夾取式取苗機(jī)構(gòu)分為夾莖式和夾缽式2大類，分析了其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，并對(duì)我國(guó)茄果類蔬菜自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)提出建議，為今后我國(guó)茄果類蔬菜自動(dòng)移栽機(jī)的取苗機(jī)構(gòu)的研制提供參考。……