3種微生物菌劑在云煙99上的應用效果?

摘 要：為篩選出適宜云煙99使用的微生物菌劑，以微生物菌劑1（T1）、微生物菌劑2（T2）和微生物菌劑3（T3）為材料，考察不同微生物菌劑對云煙99生育期、農藝性狀、病害發生情況、烤后煙葉化學成分、經濟性狀及植煙土壤理化性質的影響。結果表明：T2和T3處理的現蕾期和中心花開放時間比CK、T1提前了1～3 d，腳葉成熟期比CK晚了3 d；在試驗條件下，增施微生物菌劑能顯著增加煙株的莖圍、最大葉長和葉寬，增強烤煙農藝性狀，從而增強煙株的抗病性；各處理產值、均價、上等煙比例均以T2處理表現最好，分別比對照高4 801.28元/hm2、1.64元/kg、3.68個百分點，差異達顯著水平；煙葉化學成分方面，T2處理煙葉除總糖、還原糖、總氮外其他化學成分均符合優質煙葉標準，與對照相比更為協調；與對照相比，施用微生物菌劑后土壤水解性氮、全鉀和有機質含量得到提升，而土壤有效磷、速效鉀、全磷含量以及pH值有所降低。綜合來看，施用微生物菌劑2（T2）后，烤煙農藝性狀表現較好，抗病性強，煙葉品質較好，能顯著提高烤煙經濟效益。

關鍵詞：烤煙；微生物菌劑；追肥；農藝性狀；經濟性狀

中圖分類號：S144.9 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）04-0045-05

Abstract：To screen suitable microbial agents for use in Yunyan 99， the effects of recommended dosages of different microbial agents combined with 300 kg/hm2 of tobacco specific topdressing fertilizer on tobacco growth period， agronomic traits， disease occurrence， chemical composition and economic characteristics， and soil physicochemical properties were investigated using microbial agent 1 （T1），" microbial agent 2 （T2）， and microbial agent 3 （T3） as materials. The results showed that the budding stage and central flower opening time of T2 and T3 were 1-3 days earlier than those of CK （450 kg/hm2 of tobacco specific topdressing fertilizer） and T1， while the mature stage of foot leaves was 3 days later than that of CK; under the experimental conditions， adding microbial agents significantly increased the stem circumference， and maximum leaf length and width， and improved the agronomic traits， thus enhancing disease resistance of tobacco plants; in terms of output value， average price， and proportion of top-grade tobacco， T2 showed the best performance among all the treatments， with a significant increase of 4 801.28 yuan/hm2， 1.64 yuan/kg， and 3.68 percentage points compared to CK， respectively; in terms of chemical composition of tobacco leaves， except for total sugars， reducing sugars and total nitrogen， all other chemical components of T2 treated tobacco met the standards for high-quality tobacco leaves， which was more coordinated compared to CK; furthermore， the application of microbial agents increased the contents of soil hydrolytic nitrogen， total potassium and organic matter， while the contents of soil available phosphorus， available potassium and total phosphorus and pH value decreased. Overall， after the application of microbial agent 2 （T2）， agronomic traits of tobacco plants are better， with strong disease resistance and better leaf quality， thus significantly improving the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco.

Key words： flue-cured tobacco; microbial agents; topdressing fertilizer; agronomic traits; economic characteristics

隨著我國經濟的高速發展、城鎮化程度的不斷推進以及農業勞動人口的大量外流，傳統農業生產模式已滿足不了人們的需求。為解決這一矛盾，要求傳統的農業生產模式向高效經營轉化，而其中的主要措施就是使用新型環保肥料。烤煙種植生產中使用的有機肥、無機肥、生物肥均能夠有效提高烤煙的產量和品質、協調土壤環境、促進烤煙產業的發展[1]。……