







摘 要:為探究不同類型微生物肥料對云南保山煙區烤煙種植的影響,采用單因素隨機區組試驗,以云煙87為供試烤煙品種,在常規施肥基礎上考察了由根孢囊霉屬AM真菌(T1)、哈茨木霉(T2)、枯草芽孢桿菌(T3)分別制成的3種微生物菌肥對烤煙根系狀態、土壤酶活、土壤養分以及烤煙化學成分、物理性狀、經濟性狀等的影響。結果表明:生育期內,與對照相比,T3處理(由枯草芽孢桿菌制成,有效活菌數≥20.0億/mL)的烤煙根系下扎深度平均提高了23.85%,根系體積平均增大了37.56%,根系平均直徑平均提高了18.17%,根系總面積平均提高了38.68%;土壤內部酶活性及有效磷、煙葉總糖、還原糖和淀粉含量得到顯著提升;同時烤后煙葉的CCUI、PPI以及煙葉產量、產值和均價也得到顯著提高,其中產量、產值和均價分別比CK提高了2.5%、3.4%和0.8%。這表明微生物菌肥對烤煙生長發育及植煙土壤改良均有積極作用,其中又以枯草芽孢桿菌制成的菌肥效果最佳。
關鍵詞:烤煙;微生物菌肥;土壤酶活;煙葉品質
中圖分類號:S144.2 " " " " " " " " " " " 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1006-060X(2023)04-0038-07
Abstract:With Yunyan 87 as the test tobacco cultivar, a single factor randomized block experiment design was used to study the effects of three different microbial fertilizers (T1: AM fungus of Rhizophagus; T2: Trichoderma harzianum; T3: Bacillus subtilis) on tobacco root status, soil enzyme activities, soil nutrients, and chemical composition, physical properties and economic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco in the Baoshan tobacco area of Yunnan. The results showed that compared with CK, during the growth and development period, T3 treatment (Bacillus subtilis, effective virable microbial count≥2 billion/mL) averagely increased the root penetration depth by 23.85%, root system volume by 37.56%, root system diameter by 18.17%, and total root system area by 38.68%; meanwhile the soil enzyme activities and available phosphorus, and total sugar, reducing sugar and starch contents in the tobacco leaves significantly rose; in addition, the CCUI, PPI, yield, output value and average price of flue-cured tobacco significantly increased, with the yield, output value and average price respectively 2.5%, 3.4% and 0.8% higher than CK. Therefore, applying microbial fertilizer is conducive to tobacco growth and development and soil improvement, and Bacillus subtilis fertilizer is the best.
Key words:flue-cured tobacco; microbial fertilizer; soil enzyme activity; tobacco quality
煙草是我國的重要產業,其種植面積、產量和銷量等均處于世界領先水平。增強煙株抗逆性,是改善煙苗素質,提高煙葉品質的重要手段之一[1-2]。施用微生物菌肥,不僅可激活土壤中的微生物,使其分泌促進煙株生長的代謝物和抗生素,增強煙株抗病能力,還能在一定程度上降低煙株的土傳病害發病率,提高煙葉產量和質量[3]。育苗方式[4-7]、土壤改良[7-9]、病蟲害控制[10-13]、烘烤方式[14-15]等均為現階段提升煙葉產質量的主要方式。……