?生物菌液替代部分化肥對土壤養分及辣椒產質量的影響?

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摘 要：為了明確貝萊斯芽孢桿菌在辣椒上的應用效果，研究以“興蔬”215為供試辣椒品種，通過盆栽試驗設置不施肥、單施化肥、單施菌液、100%化肥與菌液配施、化肥減量20%和50%后再與菌液配施等處理，考察了各處理對辣椒產量、果實品質、土壤養分含量等的影響，同時探究了土壤養分與辣椒內在果實品質的相關性，并通過主成分分析確定了化肥與生物菌液合理施用的比例。結果表明：化肥與生物菌液配施可以顯著提升土壤肥力，增加土壤有效磷和速效鉀含量，并有效緩解土壤酸化趨勢，提升土壤pH值；同時促進辣椒根系對氮、磷的吸收，增加植株生物量，顯著提高辣椒產量；增施菌液還能顯著增強辣椒果實品質的各項指標，例如顯著提升辣椒維生素C、纖維素、可溶性糖和辣椒素含量，但對辣椒果實質構無顯著影響；相關性分析得知土壤有效磷與辣椒維生素C有顯著正相關關系，土壤速效鉀與辣椒素存在負相關關系；主成分分析結果表明，常規施肥減量20%配施菌液的效果最佳，可在實際應用中推廣。

關鍵詞：貝萊斯芽孢桿菌；辣椒；化肥科學減量；辣椒品質；土壤養分；主成分分析

中圖分類號：S144.9 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）04-0031-07

Abstract：In order to clarify the application effect of Bacillus velezensis on pepper，" a potted experiment setting eight treatments （CK： clean water， no fertilization; T1： conventional fertilization， 100% chemical fertilizer amount;" T2： 80% chemical fertilizer; T3： 50% chemical fertilizer; T4： 100% chemical fertilizer＋bacterial solution; T5： 80% chemical fertilizer＋bacterial solution; T6： 50% chemical fertilizer＋bacterial solution; T7： bacterial solution） was conducted with \"Xingshu\" 215 as the tested pepper variety. The effects of each treatment on pepper yield， fruit quality， and soil nutrient content were investigated， and the correlation between soil nutrients and internal fruit quality of pepper was explored. The rational proportion of chemical fertilizer to bacterial solution was determined by principal component analysis. The results showed that the combined application of chemical fertilizer and microbial solution could significantly improve soil fertility， increase soil available P and available K contents， effectively alleviate soil acidification trend， and increase soil pH value. At the same time， it promoted the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus by the root system of pepper， increased plant biomass， and significantly increased the yield of pepper. The additional application of bacterial solution could also significantly enhance fruit quality indices of pepper， such as the contents of vitamin C， cellulose， soluble sugars and capsaicin， but had no significant effect on the texture of pepper fruit. The correlation analysis showed that there existed a significantly positive correlation between soil available phosphorus and vitamin C in pepper fruit， whereas a negative correlation between soil available potassium and capsaicin. The results of principal component analysis showed that 80% chemical fertilizer amount combined with bacterial solution had the best effect， which could be popularized in practical application.

Key words： Bacillus velezensis; pepper; scientific reduction of chemical fertilizers; pepper quality; soil nutrients; principal component analysis

辣椒（Capsicum annuum L.）是目前我國種植面積最大的經濟作物[1]，近年來種植面積穩定在210萬hm2以上，總產量超過6 400萬t，農業產值達2 500億元，已成為我國第一大蔬菜作物[2]。曾經，為了追求更高的產量，農戶在辣椒種植過程中過量施用化肥農藥，雖然在短期內達到了增產提質的目的，但長期如此逐漸導致土壤板結和酸化，土壤微生態環境被破壞，進而不利于辣椒產量和品質的繼續提升[3-5]。……