12個葉用芥菜品種在洞庭湖區的綜合性狀評價?

摘 要：為了篩選出適宜在洞庭湖區栽培的高產優質葉用芥菜品種，針對洞庭湖區葉用芥菜品種單一、品種退化明顯等問題，以華容大葉芥為對照（CK），對引進的華芥5號等葉用芥菜品種進行了比較試驗。結果表明：在12個葉用芥菜品種中，葉寬是甬包芥2號最寬，為42.97 cm，顯著寬于其他品種，中肋寬度是甬包芥2號最寬，為11.46 cm，顯著寬于其他品種，中肋厚度是1號寬柄芥最厚，為1.14 cm；產量以渝芥1號最高，達7 981.08 kg/667m2，顯著高于CK的5 964.83 kg/667m2，比CK增產33.80%，其次是1號寬柄芥，產量為7 436.63 kg/667m2，比CK增產24.67%，再次是華芥5號、華芥7號、渝芥優2號、3號寬柄芥和甬包芥2號，但上述各品種間的產量無顯著性差異；相關性分析結果表明，產量與葉寬、中肋厚度呈顯著正相關性，葉寬又與中肋寬度、中肋厚度呈顯著正相關?？紤]到產量以及產量與葉寬、中肋寬度和厚度的相關性，渝芥1號、1號寬柄芥和甬包芥2號適合在洞庭湖區大面積推廣。

關鍵詞：葉用芥菜；引種；品比試驗；產量；洞庭湖區

中圖分類號：S637.2 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1006-060X（2023）04-0010-05

Abstract：In view of the problems of monotonous variety structure and obvious variety degradation of leaf mustard （Brassica juncea）" in Dongting Lake area， 12 leaf mustard cultivars introduced were involved in a varietal comparative test to select high-yield and good-quality cultivars suitable for the local production. HuarongDayejie was used as CK. The results showed that among the 12 leaf mustard cultivars， Yongbaojie No. 2 was of the widest leaf in 42.97 cm and the widest midrib in 11.46 cm， significantly wider than the other cultivars; Kuanbingjie No. 1 was of the thickest midrib in 1.14 cm; Yujie No. 1 yielded the highest of 119 716.2 kg/hm2， 33.80% higher than CK of 89 472.45 kg/hm2， followed by Kuanbingjie No. 1 whose yield was 111 549.45 kg/hm2， 24.67% higher than CK， and then Huajie No. 5， Huajie No. 7， Yujieyou No. 2， Kuanbingjie No. 3 and Yongbaojie No. 2， but no significant differences of yield occurred between the above cultivars. The correlation analysis results demonstrated that yield had a significantly positive relationship respectively with leaf width and leaf midrib thickness; meanwhile， leaf width had a significantly positive relationship respectively with leaf midrib width and thickness. Considering the yield and its relationship with leaf width and with leaf midrib width and thickness， Yujie No. 1， Kuanbingjie No. 1 and Yongbaojie No. 2 are suitable for wide promotion in Dongting Lake area.

Key words： leaf mustard （Brassica juncea）; varietal introduction; varietal comparison test; yield; Dongting Lake area

芥菜是十字花科蕓苔屬一年生草本植物，其營養豐富，具有的特殊香氣還有提升食欲的效果[1]。芥菜不僅可作為新鮮蔬菜，還是作為腌制蔬菜的重要原料。根據芥菜不同器官形態結構的差異，可分為莖用、葉用、薹用、根用芥菜4種[2]，其中葉用芥菜是適應性較強的一個變種，在我國南北各地均有種植[3]。洞庭湖區是葉用芥菜的主要種植地之一，且其栽培面積仍在逐年增加，但由于本地品種單一、種性退化、缺乏優質品種補充等原因導致其產量產值不高?！?br>