鄧建華 馮煥煥 葛婷



摘要: 針對現(xiàn)有交通元胞自動機(jī)模型運(yùn)行初始不穩(wěn)定,數(shù)據(jù)輸出存在較長時間的初始波動問題,基于Fisher-Yates算法原理,設(shè)計出一種新的交通流初始化方法。該方法可以確保車輛從進(jìn)入元胞空間到隨后的演化更新,其位置及更新時機(jī)的隨機(jī)性。通過對采用新交通流初始化方法的模型進(jìn)行演化實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明:任意空間占有率條件下交通流的初始波動區(qū)間都在50步以內(nèi);當(dāng)演化更新總步數(shù)達(dá)到3 600步時,模型剔除初始波動區(qū)間的輸出數(shù)據(jù)已充分收斂,這時模型運(yùn)行已足夠穩(wěn)定。
關(guān)鍵詞: 元胞自動機(jī);交通流初始化;Fisher-Yates算法;初始波動區(qū)間
中圖分類號: U491.1文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼: A
收稿日期: 2021-12-01;修回日期:2022-03-18
基金項(xiàng)目: 國家自然科學(xué)基金(51808370);蘇州科技大學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(341311108;XKQ201305)
第一作者: 鄧建華(1972-),男,湖南永興人,碩士,副教授,主要研究方向?yàn)榻煌◤?fù)雜系統(tǒng)仿真。
Influence of the Initialization Method on the Stability of Traffic Cellular Automata Model
DENG Jianhua, FENG Huanhuan, GE Ting
(College of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011,China)
Abstract:Aiming at the initial instability of the existing traffic cellular automata model and the initial fluctuation of data output for a long time, a new traffic flow initialization method is designed based on the principle of Fisher-Yates algorithm. This method can ensure the randomness of the location and update timing of the vehicle from entering the cell space to the subsequent evolution and update. Through the evolution experiment of the model using the new traffic flow initialization method, the results show that the initial fluctuation range is within 50 steps under the condition of arbitrary space occupancy; When the evolution update reaches 3600 steps, the output data of the model after excluding the output of the initial fluctuation interval has converged enough, and the operation of the model is stable enough.
Key words: cellular automata; traffic flow initialization; Fisher-Yates algorithm; initial fluctuation range
0 引言
元胞自動機(jī)是一類時空離散的網(wǎng)格動力學(xué)模型[12],是交通流建模的主要工具之一。交通元胞自動機(jī)模型的元胞單元、鄰域結(jié)構(gòu)、元胞空間及演化規(guī)則一旦確定,作為人工設(shè)計的方法,交通流初始化是否合理就可能是影響模型穩(wěn)定性的主要因素。現(xiàn)有的交通流初始化方法源自于Nagel和Schreckenberg[3]1992年提出的NaSch模型。NaSch模型用一個單維的元胞單元數(shù)組構(gòu)成的元胞空間來表示一段單車道公路,并為它設(shè)計了開放性、周期性兩種邊界條件。開放性邊界設(shè)計有兩個開放端:一端為車輛駛?cè)攵?,另一端為駛離端;周期性邊界使元胞空間構(gòu)成一個兩端首尾相連的環(huán)。……