張可琨 曲大義 宋慧 戴守晨



摘要:
為了促進(jìn)自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)的發(fā)展,本文聚焦于自動(dòng)駕駛車輛換道決策行為。首先對(duì)換道意圖進(jìn)行客觀性量化,然后引入換道碰撞概率與換道動(dòng)態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)系數(shù),并基于博弈論思想建立自動(dòng)駕駛車輛換道博弈決策行為模型,選取速度收益作為博弈收益的考量目標(biāo),使得自動(dòng)駕駛車輛進(jìn)行協(xié)作、安全、合理的換道。最后,使用SUMO軟件將傳統(tǒng)LC2013換道模型與換道博弈決策行為模型進(jìn)行仿真實(shí)驗(yàn)和對(duì)比分析,結(jié)果表明換道博弈決策行為模型具有更高的穩(wěn)定性、可靠性、安全性以及車道利用率。
關(guān)鍵詞:
自動(dòng)駕駛;換道行為;決策方法;博弈策略
中圖分類號(hào): U463;TP18文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
收稿日期:2021-12-18;修回日期:2022-01-04
基金項(xiàng)目:
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(51678320);山東省重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(2019GGX101038)
第一作者:
張可琨(1997-),男,江蘇徐州人,碩士研究生,主要研究方向?yàn)檐嚶穮f(xié)同與自動(dòng)駕駛。
通信作者:
曲大義(1973-),男,山東青島人,博士,教授,主要研究方向?yàn)檐嚶穮f(xié)同與安全控制。
Analysis and Modeling for Lane-changing Game Strategy of Autonomous Vehicles
ZHANG Kekun,QU Dayi,SONG Hui,DAI Shouchen
(School of Mechanical and Antomotive Engineering,Qingdao University of Technology,Qingdao 266520,China)
Abstract:
In order to promote the development of autonomous driving technology, this paper focuses on the lane-changing decision-making behavior of autonomous vehicles. First, the lane-changing intention is quantified objectively, and then the lane-changing collision probability and the lane-changing dynamic risky coefficient are introduced. Based on the game theory, the decision-making behavior model of the lane-changing game for autonomous vehicles is established. Besides, speed gains are considered as the objective of game gains. Therefore, autonomous vehicles can change lanes in a coordinated, safe and reasonable manner. Finally, with SUMO software, the traditional LC2013 lane-changing model and the decision-making behavior model of the lane-changing game are used for simulation experiments and comparative analysis. The results show that the decision-making behavior model of the lane-changing game has higher stability, reliability, safety and lane utilization.
Key words:
autonomous driving; lane-changing behavior; decision-making method; game strategy
0 引言
在智能網(wǎng)聯(lián)技術(shù)的支撐下,自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)可以在一定程度上減輕駕駛員的駕駛?cè)蝿?wù),從而提升出行效率與安全性。自動(dòng)駕駛車輛通常被分成6個(gè)等級(jí),且自動(dòng)駕駛的等級(jí)越高,智能化與自動(dòng)化的程度就越高[1]。
自動(dòng)駕駛技術(shù)分為環(huán)境感知、決策規(guī)劃以及執(zhí)行控制3個(gè)部分。其中,決策部分體現(xiàn)了智能性,對(duì)車輛的安全性起著至關(guān)重要的作用。一般期望實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能越豐富,自動(dòng)駕駛決策就越重要且難度越大。換道決策是自動(dòng)駕駛決策中極其重要的一部分,同時(shí)也是交通領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)之一,故本文對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛車輛的換道決策進(jìn)行研究?!?br>