任翠萍 楊明翔 張裕銘 謝逢潔



摘要: 為揭示快遞安全事故的關鍵致因及關聯性,基于復雜網絡理論,以快遞人員、快件、設備、環境、管理及事故結果6類40個因素為節點,以因素間的作用關系為邊,構建快遞安全事故致因網絡。研究發現,該網絡具有小世界特性,中介中心性顯著,存在3-核高密度云團。結果表明,人員傷亡、快件起火、快件破損、財產損失、運輸車輛問題是事故的關鍵因素;快件堆積與破損對事故風險傳遞最為顯著;15個因素間的高密度關聯性對事故起到核心作用。
關鍵詞: 快遞安全;事故致因;復雜網絡;結構特性
中圖分類號: X913;N94文獻標識碼: A
收稿日期: 2021-10-26;修回日期:2022-04-25
基金項目: 國家自然科學基金青年基金(52102418); 陜西省教育廳科研計劃項目(20JK0363); 大學生創新創業訓練計劃項目(S202011664037)
第一作者: 任翠萍(1987-), 女, 河北滄州人, 博士, 講師, 主要研究方向為快遞安全與復雜網絡。
The Construction of Express Safety Accident Causation Network and Its Structural Properties
REN Cuiping, YANG Mingxiang, ZHANG Yuming, XIE Fengjie
(School of Modern Post, Xi′an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi′an 710061, China)
Abstract:The research aims to find the key causes and their relationships of express safety accidents. Based on the complex network theory, the Express Safety Accident Causation Network (ESACN) was constructed by setting factors as nodes and their relationships as arcs. There are 40 factors nodes extracting from personnel, express, equipment, environment, management and results. This study found that the ESACN is a small world network. Meanwhile the intermediary centrality is obvious and there is a 3-core high-density cloud in ESACN. The result indicates that casualties, express fire, express damage, property loss and transportation vehicle problems are the key factors in ESACN. Among these factors, the accumulation and damage of express have the most significant effect on accident risk transmission. The high-density correlation among the 15 factors plays a core role in the occurrence of accidents.
Key words: express safety; accident causation; complex network; structural characteristics
0 引言
快遞業作為重要的流通產業和先導產業,對暢通國內經濟循環、建設現代化流通體系具有十分重要的作用。據統計,2021年快遞業收入達10 332.3億元,同比增長17.5%,占GDP的3.67%;快遞業務量達1 083億件,同比增長29.9%,日均服務用戶近7億人次,連續8年穩居世界第一。然而,快遞業快速發展的背后,各類安全問題日益凸顯[1],尤其是利用快遞實施犯罪的事件頻頻發生,例如違禁物品寄遞、用戶信息泄露、快遞包裹被盜等等;同時快遞安全事件呈現出逐年上升[2]的趨勢。因此,開展快遞安全事故分析,對提升快遞業安全水平、推動快遞業高質量發展具有重要意義。……