

摘 要:“課堂四動”,即情境調動、平臺互動、問題驅動、工具撬動,情境調動體驗感、問題驅動好奇心、平臺增強交互感、工具撬動生長點。詞匯是語言學習的基礎,詞匯教學是小學英語教學的一個重要組成部分。本文將結合線上詞匯教學課堂實例,闡述如何將“課堂四動”理念應用于小學英語詞匯教學,以期提高課堂教學效率,提升學生英語語言運用能力和學科核心素養。
關鍵詞:課堂四動;詞匯教學;核心素養
作者簡介:余弦(1989.12.22-),重慶人,清華大學附屬小學昌平學校,二級教師,研究方向:英語口語、讀寫結合、空中課堂、單元主題教學。
“四動”課堂動力系統即問題驅動、情境調動、平臺互動、工具撬動,把課上好是基礎師德,讓學生學會學習才是最崇高的師德。本文選取筆者執教的中國教育電視臺同上一堂課直播課堂:人教版《英語》(一年級起點)三年級下冊Unit 6 “My Home” Lesson 1的一些教學片段,闡述如何借助“四動”理論豐富并夯實小學英語詞匯教學。通過情境調動,增強學生體驗感和趣味性;平臺互動,讓學習真實、有效地發生;問題驅動,培養學生的思維品質;工具撬動,提升學生英語語言運用能力。
一、情境調動,增強學生體驗感和趣味性
本課在參觀Joy的家這個大情境的設置下,師生圍繞主題圖進行交流,旨在進行新語言的輸入,幫助學生在真實的語境中感知新語言,并引導學生關注圖片細節,引發學生發散思維,主動提問,提高學習的真實性和主動性。
教學片段如下:
1. Learn “bedroom”.
T: Welcome to Joy's home! There are many rooms in her home. Her family members are in different rooms. What are they doing? And where are they?
T: Who is she?
S1: She is Joy's grandmother.
T: What's she doing now?
S2: She's watering the plants.
T: Where is she? She is in a big room. Look, there is a big bed in this room. We call this room “bedroom”.(出示詞卡bedroom,強調字母e的發音,引導學生嘗試自主拼讀,之后教師示范正確發音,學生跟讀。)
T: What can you do in the bedroom?
S3: I can sleep in the bedroom.
學生跟著Joy,參觀各個房間,將各個房間里的人物和活動有聯系地串聯在一起。
2. Learn “living room”.
Joy:Can you see my grandfather? He is not in his bedroom. Where is he?
T: He is in another room. We can see a TV, a sofa and a tea table in this room. We call this room “living room”.(出示詞卡,提示學生living這個詞中第一個字母i的發音。)
T: What's he doing?
S4: He's watching TV.
T: What can you do in the living room?
S5: I can watch football games with my father in the living room.
3. Learn “kitchen”.
(教師引導學生觀察客廳鐘表上的時間。)
T: Look at the clock. What time is it?
S6: It's 11:30.
T: It's lunch time. Who is cooking for the family? Let's go to another room and have a look.
S7: Mom is cooking here.
T: What can you see?
S8: I can see a knife, a pot and some vegetables in this room.
T: What room is it?
S9: Kitchen.(教師出示詞卡,提示學生kitchen這個詞中字母i的發音。)
T: What can you do in the kitchen?
S10: I can cook and wash dishes in the kitchen.
T: Last Sunday was Mother's Day. I made a cake for my mom in the kitchen. Let's go on to find Joy's father.
4. Learn “study”.
T: Here he is. What's he doing?
S11: He's reading a book.
T: What can you see in this room?
S12: There are many books on the bookshelf. And I can see a desk, a computer and a chair in this room.
T: What room is it?
S13: It's a study.(出示詞卡,提示學生study這個詞中字母u的發音。)
T: What can you do in the study?
S14: I can read books with my mom in the study.
5. Learn “dining room”.
(教師引導學生觀察圖片中的兩把椅子,自然過渡到下一個房間。)
T: Look, there are another two chairs in this picture. What room is it? Let's have a look.
S15: Oh, there are six chairs and a big table in this room.
T: What room is it?
S16: It's a dining room. (出示詞卡,提示學生dining這個詞中第一個字母i的發音。)
T: Who is in the dining room?
S17: Joy's sister is in the dining room.
T: What's she doing?
S18: She's drinking juice.
T: What can you do in the dining room?
S19: I can drink and eat with my family in the dining room.
6. Learn “bathroom”.
T: Do you remember this boy?
S20: He is Joy's brother.
T: What's he doing?
S21: He's washing his hands because he wants to eat some food.
T: Before eating or drinking, we need to wash our hands.(滲透生活常識,幫助學生養成餐前洗手的好習慣。)Where is he washing his hands? Is he in the kitchen? No. What can you see in this room?
S22: I can see a sink, a toilet and a shower.
T: We call this room “bathroom”.(出示詞卡,提示學生bathroom這個詞中字母a的發音。)
T: What can you do in the bathroom?
S23: I can brush my teeth and take a bath in the bathroom.
詞匯學習的過程中,學生能感受不同的房間有不同的用處,在各個房間里,學生可以和家人做不同的事情,感受美妙的家庭時光。
學習新詞的過程中,也充分利用大情境,按照參觀房間的順序,學習詞匯(bedroom, living room, kitchen, study, dining room, bathroom)。用生動的情境豐富詞匯教學的方式,加強詞匯教學的有效性,做到了在語境中學習詞匯,而不是孤立地學習詞匯。同時引導學生觀察、體會字母在單詞中的發音,建立音、形、意的關系。
二、平臺互動,讓學習真實、有效地發生
如何能讓線上的學生真正與課堂有交互感,并參與到學習中,是我們一直都在思考的問題。為此,我們在設計時,一定要思考互動平臺的可參與度和可操作性。例如搭建學生與課本主人公之間的互動平臺,鞏固所學的同時,為后續的輸出做好鋪墊;搭建游戲互動平臺:My Room和Where are my family members?檢測學生對知識的掌握程度,利用生動有趣的呈現方式,把理性的知識顯性化。教學片段如下:
T: After learning so much about rooms. Let's review by playing a game “My Room”.
T: Look, here is a boy. He wants to watch TV. Where can he watch TV? In the dining room or in the living room.
S24: We watch TV in the living room.(學生依次完成后面的幾組練習。)
通過抓娃娃的動畫游戲,及時鞏固復習6種房間類型的詞匯(bedroom, living room, bathroom, dining room, study, kitchen),并聯系生活實際,表達各個房間的具體功能,學生借助圖片和已有背景知識對選項做出快速判斷,從而激發其學習興趣,同時增強課堂平臺互動性。
T: Just now, you visited Joy's home. There are many rooms in her home. Her family members are at home. Where are they? And what are they doing? How to play this game? Let's break the bricks to find her family members behind wall.
Joy:Where is my grandmother? Where is she?
S25:She is in the bedroom. She's watering the plants.(學生和Joy對話,依次完成后面5個房間的練習。)
搭建學生與課本主人公Joy之間的平臺互動形式,練習句型Where is... ? He's / She's in the ...鞏固所學的同時,用生動有趣的呈現方式,增加環節的趣味性,把抽象知識形象化、生動化,為后續的韻文輸出做好鋪墊。
三、問題驅動,培養學生的思維品質
教師在本節課通過問題驅動將學習內容的原生價值與學生學習的需求點和生長點連接,形成驅動學生好奇心與內生力的主問題和問題鏈,進一步激發學生學習的興趣。借助課前歌曲、課中操練和課后的任務,來引導學生預學、共學和延學,彌補在線教學時間短、互動時間不足的劣勢,追蹤和強化學習效果。同時,充分關注如何提高兒童的語言習得能力,較好地實現了師生之間的良性互動。
引導學生觀察每個房間的特征和功能,在設問中突破詞匯教學,例如學習單詞bedroom:奶奶在干什么?她在澆花。她在哪里澆花?一個大房間里,這個房間里有床,這樣的房間我們把它叫做什么呢?學生根據字母的發音規則,嘗試自主拼讀出單詞bedroom。
四、工具撬動,提升學生英語語言運用能力和英語學科核心素養
工具撬動學習卡點,本課一開始由歌曲“歡迎來我家”自然引入到主人公Joy的家,并借助思維工具Family Tree引出Joy的家庭成員,為后續誰在哪個房間做什么做好鋪墊。
在詞匯教學環節,除了使用單詞的教學錄音外,教師還利用詞卡這項工具,示范發音,學生聽音模仿,確保習得語言的準確性,在保證充分輸入的基礎上,增強學生輸出的自信。
再如,在Practice環節,教師使用沙錘打節奏示范朗讀,激發學生興趣,嘗試跟讀小韻文,進而鞏固和強化功能句型。PPT課件隨讀效果的呈現,幫助學生在chant環節,把握節奏,吸引學生注意力,有效地提示跟讀內容,能夠兼顧到不同程度的學生。
在課程的Production環節,學生可以借助房間圖紙和句型框架,用一段完整的話介紹自己的家,培養愛家的情感。
在工具的幫助下,引導學生進行語言輸出,對自己的家進行更深入全面的介紹。這樣能使學生更加直觀地感知語言結構和邏輯,同時也使語言的輸出與表達更具有邏輯性、層次性和完整性。
參考文獻:
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