解讀與啟示：聚焦兒童青少年體育素養(yǎng)提升的美國綜合學(xué)校體力活動計(jì)劃

趙珊 李有強(qiáng)

摘 要：美國綜合學(xué)校體力活動計(jì)劃（CSPAP）基于社會生態(tài)學(xué)視角，致力于兒童青少年體力活動與體育素養(yǎng)的提升。由五部分構(gòu)成：有質(zhì)量的體育教育、學(xué)校期間的體力活動、上學(xué)前及放學(xué)后的體力活動、教職工體力活動參與、家庭與社區(qū)參與。CSPAP旨在發(fā)展并提高兒童青少年體力活動及體育素養(yǎng)。通過對CSPAP的解讀，提出以下建議：將體育學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)納入我國學(xué)校體育目標(biāo)、教學(xué)內(nèi)容、教學(xué)模式的設(shè)置中;重視校園內(nèi)外體力活動的深度融合，逐步提高我國學(xué)生的體育素養(yǎng);將體育學(xué)科核心素養(yǎng)納入我國體育教師培養(yǎng)過程，發(fā)展教師隊(duì)伍的體育素養(yǎng);加強(qiáng)學(xué)校、家庭、社區(qū)間的溝通，創(chuàng)設(shè)我國兒童青少年體力活動的氛圍，發(fā)展學(xué)生體育素養(yǎng)。

關(guān)鍵詞：兒童青少年;體育素養(yǎng);美國綜合學(xué)校體力活動計(jì)劃;教學(xué)策略

中圖分類號：G811.3? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A? 文章編號：1009-9840（2020）04-0056-08

Interpretation and inspiration： American Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs focusing on the improvement of children and adolescents physical literacy

ZHAO Shan1，LI You-qiang2

（1.School of P.E.， Changzhou University， Changzhou 213164， Jiangsu， China; 2. School of International Education， Shanghai University of Sport， Shanghai 200438， China）

Abstract：Based on the perspective of social ecology， American Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs （CSPAP） is dedicated to the improvement of physical activity and physical literacy of children and adolescents. It consists of five components： quality physical education， physical activity during school， physical activity before and after school， staff involvement， family and community involvement. CSPAP aims to develop and improve physical activity and physical literacy in children and adolescents. Through the interpretation of five parts of CSPAP， the following suggestions are proposed： the core quality of physical education should be incorporated into the setting of physical education objectives， teaching contents and teaching modes in Chinese schools; pay attention to the deep integration of physical activities inside and outside the campus and gradually improve the physical education quality of Chinese students; the core quality of physical education should be brought into the training process of physical education teachers in China to develop the physical education quality of teachers; strengthen the communication between schools， families and communities， create an atmosphere of physical activity for Chinese children and adolescents， and develop students sports literacy.

Key words：children and adolescent; physical literacy; CSPAP; teaching strategies

參與一定量的體力活動能為兒童青少年的健康帶來益處，這在全球范圍內(nèi)得到了認(rèn)可。2008年，美國健康與人類服務(wù)部（USUSDHHS）在美國6歲兒童至老年人的體力活動指南中提出，美國兒童青少年每日應(yīng)參加1小時(shí)或更多時(shí)間的中到大強(qiáng)度有氧與力量性體力活動。然而，全美大約有63%的兒童青少年不能達(dá)到每日的體力活動推薦量。雖然美國大多數(shù)健康機(jī)構(gòu)建議學(xué)校，更具體地說體育教師應(yīng)在提高兒童青少年體力活動中發(fā)揮重要作用，但單獨(dú)的體育教育計(jì)劃不能促使其達(dá)到每日體力活動的推薦量。……