解讀與啟示：聚焦兒童青少年體育素養提升的美國綜合學校體力活動計劃

趙珊 李有強

摘 要：美國綜合學校體力活動計劃（CSPAP）基于社會生態學視角，致力于兒童青少年體力活動與體育素養的提升。由五部分構成：有質量的體育教育、學校期間的體力活動、上學前及放學后的體力活動、教職工體力活動參與、家庭與社區參與。CSPAP旨在發展并提高兒童青少年體力活動及體育素養。通過對CSPAP的解讀，提出以下建議：將體育學科核心素養納入我國學校體育目標、教學內容、教學模式的設置中;重視校園內外體力活動的深度融合，逐步提高我國學生的體育素養;將體育學科核心素養納入我國體育教師培養過程，發展教師隊伍的體育素養;加強學校、家庭、社區間的溝通，創設我國兒童青少年體力活動的氛圍，發展學生體育素養。

關鍵詞：兒童青少年;體育素養;美國綜合學校體力活動計劃;教學策略

中圖分類號：G811.3? 文獻標識碼：A? 文章編號：1009-9840（2020）04-0056-08

Interpretation and inspiration： American Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs focusing on the improvement of children and adolescents physical literacy

ZHAO Shan1，LI You-qiang2

（1.School of P.E.， Changzhou University， Changzhou 213164， Jiangsu， China; 2. School of International Education， Shanghai University of Sport， Shanghai 200438， China）

Abstract：Based on the perspective of social ecology， American Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programs （CSPAP） is dedicated to the improvement of physical activity and physical literacy of children and adolescents. It consists of five components： quality physical education， physical activity during school， physical activity before and after school， staff involvement， family and community involvement. CSPAP aims to develop and improve physical activity and physical literacy in children and adolescents. Through the interpretation of five parts of CSPAP， the following suggestions are proposed： the core quality of physical education should be incorporated into the setting of physical education objectives， teaching contents and teaching modes in Chinese schools; pay attention to the deep integration of physical activities inside and outside the campus and gradually improve the physical education quality of Chinese students; the core quality of physical education should be brought into the training process of physical education teachers in China to develop the physical education quality of teachers; strengthen the communication between schools， families and communities， create an atmosphere of physical activity for Chinese children and adolescents， and develop students sports literacy.

Key words：children and adolescent; physical literacy; CSPAP; teaching strategies

參與一定量的體力活動能為兒童青少年的健康帶來益處，這在全球范圍內得到了認可。2008年，美國健康與人類服務部（USUSDHHS）在美國6歲兒童至老年人的體力活動指南中提出，美國兒童青少年每日應參加1小時或更多時間的中到大強度有氧與力量性體力活動。然而，全美大約有63%的兒童青少年不能達到每日的體力活動推薦量。雖然美國大多數健康機構建議學校，更具體地說體育教師應在提高兒童青少年體力活動中發揮重要作用，但單獨的體育教育計劃不能促使其達到每日體力活動的推薦量。……