離心力量訓練對運動員跟腱腱圍炎康復的效果觀察

邱范基 郭沫杉

摘 要：目的：探討離心訓練對運動員跟腱腱圍炎康復的影響。方法：篩選出20位男性運動專項在校大學生運動員，診斷存在跟腱腱圍炎，隨機分成離心訓練組和常規康復組，每組 10 人進行為期8周的康復訓練，每 4 周進行一次評估，對康復效果進行整理分析和對比。結果：1） 離心訓練組肌力、肌肉抗阻力量、關節活動度、疼痛、圍度在干預后相比較干預前和常規康復組都存在顯著性差異（P<0.05）。2） 常規康復組在肌力、肌肉抗阻力量、關節活動度、疼痛、圍度數據統計學上無顯著性差異，但對比干預前有不同程度癥狀的減輕。結論：1） 離心訓練相較于牽拉、按摩等康復手段，對運動員跟腱腱圍炎的康復效果和改善作用更優。2） 常規康復和離心訓練對運動員跟腱腱圍炎的康復都有良好的作用。3） 系統合理地進行離心訓練，利于跟腱在長期的訓練中產生適應性改變，使運動員更好地適應訓練負荷，預防損傷。

關鍵詞：離心訓練;運動員;跟腱腱圍炎;康復

中圖分類號：G804.5? 文獻標識碼：A? 文章編號：1009-9840（2020）04-0052-04

Effect of eccentric strength training on the rehabilitation of Achilles tendon peritendinitis in athletes

Qiu Fanji1，Guo Mo-shan2

（1.School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation， Beijing Sports University， Beijing 100084; 2. School of Literature， Renmin University of China， Beijing 100872， China）

Abstract：Objective： To explore the effect of eccentric training on the rehabilitation of athlete's Achilles tendon peritendinitis. Methods： 20 male college athletes specialized in sports were selected and diagnosed as having Achilles tendon peritendinitis. They were randomly divided into eccentric training group and conventional rehabilitation group， and 10 people in each group， training for 8 weeks. They were evaluated every 4 weeks and then the data was collected and analyzed to compare rehabilitation effects. Results： 1） There were significant differences in muscle strength， muscle resistance， joint mobility， pain， and perimeter between the eccentric training group before the intervention and the conventional rehabilitation group （P<0.05）. 2） The conventional rehabilitation group had no statistically significant differences in muscle strength， muscle resistance， joint mobility， pain， and perimeter data， but the symptoms were reduced to different degrees before the intervention. Conclusions： 1） Eccentric training is better than athletes in the recovery and improvement of Achilles tendon peritendinitis compared with rehabilitation methods such as traction and massage. 2） Conventional rehabilitation and eccentric training have a good effect on the rehabilitation of athlete's Achilles tendon peritendinitis. 3） Systematic and reasonable eccentric training can help athletes make adaptive changes in the Achilles tendon during long-term training and better adapt to the training load.

Key words： eccentric training; athletes; Achilles tendon peritendinitis; rehabilitation

近年來隨著體育運動的普及發展，人群中運動性跟腱損傷發病率有呈增高趨勢，尤其是有些優秀運動員常因跟腱炎癥甚至跟腱斷裂后康復時間長或預后不佳而終止運動生命[1-2]。探討運動性跟腱損傷發病機制和誘發因素為預防和治療運動性跟腱損傷提供了依據[3]。研究顯示[4]，運動的落地緩沖、制動階段是跟腱損傷高發階段，而離心收縮是制動緩沖階段肌肉的主要工作形式，下肢肌肉離心力量不足，會使運動員制動階段失去正常的關節角度，從而失穩造成損傷[2]，同時肌肉的離心工作能力也是運動員肌肉康復的一項主要內容和評價指標[5-6]。因此，提高下肢離心力量對于損傷預防有重要的意義。

國內外對于肌肉向心收縮力量訓練的研究與應用已經相對成熟，但對于離心收縮的研究較少，而且大多數研究都集中在對髖、膝等大關節的研究上[7]，對踝關節周圍肌……