腹腔鏡腹股溝疝修補術的研究進展

黃偉

[摘要] 腹股溝疝是臨床常見因腹壁的肌肉強度降低和腹內的壓力增高等因素導致的腹部疾病，主要表現為患者腹腔內的臟器通過腹股溝缺損處向體表突出，多見于男性人群，如果不能及時進行有效治療，就會導致患者出現腸道壞死或穿孔、膿毒癥和休克等嚴重并發癥，甚至還會導致患者死亡，嚴重影響患者的生命健康和降低了生活質量。臨床多采用保守和手術等方式治療，疝帶和中藥等保守治療雖然可以起到緩解患者臨床癥狀和延緩疾病進展的作用，但是卻無法治愈，甚至部分不當的保守治療方法還會引起患者的病情加重，因此手術治療仍是主要治療腹股溝疝的方法，臨床常用的手術治療方法就是疝修補術，且隨著醫療技術和治療理念的進步，人們更青睞于微創手術治療。

[關鍵詞] 腹腔鏡腹股溝疝修補術;并發癥;手術方式

[中圖分類號] R656.2+1? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-0742（2020）08（c）-0196-03

[Abstract] Inguinal hernia is a clinically common abdominal disease caused by factors such as reduced abdominal muscle strength and increased intra-abdominal pressure. The main manifestation is that the internal organs in the patient's abdominal cavity protrude to the body surface through the inguinal defect. It is more common in males. If effective treatment is not carried out in time， it will lead to serious complications such as intestinal necrosis or perforation， sepsis and shock， and even death of the patient， seriously affecting the life and health of the patient and reducing the quality of life. Conservative and surgical treatments are often used in clinics. Although conservative treatments such as hernia bands and traditional Chinese medicine can relieve patients clinical symptoms and delay disease progression， they cannot be cured， and even some improper conservative treatments can cause patients conditions. Therefore， surgical treatment is still the main method to treat inguinal hernia. The commonly used clinical surgical treatment is hernia repair. With the advancement of medical technology and treatment concepts， people prefer minimally invasive surgery.

[Key words] Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair; Complications; Surgical methods

傳統疝修補會擾亂患者腹股溝區正常結構，且因為組織間的縫合張力較大，不容易愈合，術后還極易復發，隨著醫療技術的進步，臨床開始采用無張力疝修補，最后因為微創理念的普及和腹腔鏡技術的進步，腹股溝疝手術治療由以往的無張力開放式修補，最后又進一步發展為腹腔鏡修補[1]。腹腔鏡腹股溝疝修補術是在無張力修補的基礎上發展而來的微創手術，具有造成的創傷小和患者恢復快的特點，還能處理對側隱匿的疝，治療效果理想[2]。……