健康教育路徑與心理干預在38例老年骨質疏松合并骨折患者中的應用效果

呂冬梅

摘 要 目的：探討健康教育路徑與心理干預在老年骨質疏松合并骨折患者中的應用效果。方法：選取76例老年骨質疏松合并骨折患者根據入院順序分為對照組和研究組各38例，對照組實施傳統的護理干預，研究組在其基礎上實施健康教育路徑與心理護理干預，比較兩組患者干預前后焦慮抑郁情緒評分、生活質量評分、生活自理能力及運動能力評分變化及按時復診率及護理滿意度差異。結果：干預前兩組患者HAMA、HAMD和骨密度檢測結果比較不存在顯著差異（P>0.05），干預后兩組患者的HAMA、HAMD評分均明顯降低，且研究組上述指標及生活質量各項評分、按時復診率及護理滿意率均顯著優于對照組（P<0.05）。結論：健康教育路徑與心理干預可有效改善患者的負面情緒及生活質量，提高生活自理能力、運動能力及護理質量，在老年骨質疏松合并骨折患者中具有重要的臨床意義。

關鍵詞 健康教育路徑 心理干預 骨質疏松并骨折 生活質量 復診

中圖分類號：R473.6； R683 文獻標識碼：C 文章編號：1006-1533（2018）01-0047-04

The application of health education path and psychological intervention in 38 cases of elderly patients with osteoporotic fractures

LYU Dongmei

（The First Surgery Department， the Peoples Hospital of Huaibin County， Xinyang 464400， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To explore the effect of health education path and psychological intervention in the elderly patients with osteoporosis combined with fracture. Methods： Seventy-six cases of elderly patients with osteoporosis combined with fracture were selected and divided into a control group （n=38） and a research group （n=38） based on the admission date. The control group underwent routine nursing and the research group was given health education and mental intervention on the basis of control group. The scores of depression， anxiety， quality of life， living self-care ability and motor ability were compared between the two groups before and after nursing intervention. Results： There were no significant differences between the two groups in HAMA and HAMD scores and bone density before the intervention （P>0.05）， however， their HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly decreased after the intervention and furthermore those indexes and the scores of quality of life， the rate of return visit on time and the satisfaction of nursing were much better in the research group than in the control group （P<0.05）. Conclusion： Health education path and psychological intervention can effectively improve the negative emotions and quality of life of the patients， their living self-care ability， motor ability and nursing quality， which has important clinical significance in the elderly patients with osteoporosis combined with fracture.

KEY WORDS health education； mental intervention； osteoporosis combined with fracture； quality of life； return visit

骨質疏松癥（osteoporosis， OP）是老年人常見的一種骨組織結構退變性疾病，近年來隨著我國人口老齡化的加劇，OP的發生率也呈增長趨勢，臨床數據顯示，我國60歲以上OP患者骨折的發生率較高，嚴重影響患者的運動功能及生活質量，同時給家庭及社會帶來沉重的心理負擔及經濟負擔[1]。老年患者機體功能較差，且多合并其他慢性疾病，骨折后常伴有抑郁焦慮等負面心理應激反應，治療依從性差，因此在治療的同時還應配合健康教育及心理干預來促進患者快速康復[2]。本研究選取2013年7月至2017年6月我院76例老年骨質疏松合并骨折患者為研究對象，探討健康教育路徑與心理干預在老年骨質疏松合并骨折患者中的應用效果，現報告如下。endprint