北亞熱帶高山地區椿樹種和種源早期選擇

田開春 劉 軍 吳賢軍 高本旺 黃成名 韓俊勇 祁萬宜

摘要 [目的]研究北亞熱帶高山地區椿樹種和種源的保存率和生長性狀，揭示椿樹的適應性和生長性狀變異規律。[方法]運用方差、相關統計分析方法，研究了營造6年生（苗齡2年）的椿樹2個種33個種源成活率及生長量。[結果]椿樹種源間成活率以及生長量均有較大差異，香椿生長明顯優于毛紅椿；初步篩選出適宜在北亞熱帶推廣應用的3個優良香椿種源和1個優良毛紅椿種源。3個香椿優良種源平均成活率比所有種源平均值提高15.5%，6年生平均樹高和胸徑分別比所有種源平均值提高23.5%和33.3%；6年生平均樹高和胸徑比本地種源平均值增長100%和16.1%。[結論]該研究可為椿樹造林生產管理和規模發展提供理論依據。

關鍵詞 椿樹；香椿；毛紅椿；種源；生長；選擇

中圖分類號 S722.5 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 0517-6611（2017）13-0154-03

Early Selection of Species and Provenances for Chinese Toona at High Mountain Region in Northern Subtropics

TIAN Kai-chun1，LIU Jun2*，WU Xian-jun1 et al

（1.State-owned Forest Farm of Zhangcunping at Yiling District of Yichang City，Yichang，Hubei 443145； 2.Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Fuyang，Zhejiang 311400）

Abstract [Objective]To study the preservation and growth traits of species and provenances for Chinese Toona at High Mountain Region in Northern Subtropics，and reveal the adaptability and variation of growth traits of Chinese Toona.[Method]Using ANOVA，statisitical analysis method，the survival rate and growth of 6 years old Chinese Toona，kinds of 33 provenanees were studied.[Result]The results showed that the provenance survival rate and the growth amount had great differences between 32 provenances.Trees of T.sinensis growed obviously better than these of T.ciliata var.pubescens.Three and one superior provenances of T.sinensis and T.ciliata var.pubescens were selected，respectively.The average survival rate of three superior provenances for T.sinensis had 15.5% increase over average of all provenances.Compared with the provenance overall average，average height and DBH of six-years-old three superior provenances were increased respectively 23.5% and 33.3%.And compared with the local provenance，average height and DBH of six-years-old three superior provenances were increased respectively 100% and 161%.[Conclusion]The study can provide theoretical basis for the development of production management and the scale development for Chinese Toona.

Key words Chinese Toona；T.sinensis；T.ciliata var.pubescens；Provenance；Growth；Selection

三峽地區椿樹樹種主要有紅椿（T.ciliata Roem.）、毛紅椿[T.ciliata Roem.var.pubescens（Franch.） Hand.-Mazz.]、紫椿（T.microcarpa Harms）和香椿（T.sinensis），其中紅椿、毛紅椿屬國家二級重點保護植物[1]。香椿原產我國，分布于長江南北的廣泛山區，是落葉喬木，雌雄異株，葉為偶數羽狀復葉，圓錐花序，花白色兩性，果實是蒴果，種子具翅，可以用種子進行繁殖。香椿樹體高大，是培育大徑材、園林綠化的優選樹種。香椿幼芽營養豐富，具有食療作用，主治風濕痹痛、外感風寒、胃痛、痢疾等[2]。毛紅椿主要分布于江西、云南、四川、安徽、湖南、廣西、廣東、貴州等省區，以及印度和印度印西亞等國家。毛紅椿垂直分布于海拔500～2 500 m，多為天然零星分布，是珍貴用材樹種，具有很高的經濟價值和開發利用前景[3]。……