江南地區(qū)古典園林冬季微氣候改善策略

金夢(mèng)玲 熊瑤

摘要為探究江南地區(qū)古典園林內(nèi)不同類型空間對(duì)冬季微氣候的改善效果，以南京瞻園為研究對(duì)象，按封閉性在瞻園內(nèi)選取典型的3類空間（開敞性、半開敞性、封閉性），共設(shè)置10個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)，在2016年1月19、20、21日連續(xù)3 d對(duì)瞻園內(nèi)微氣候進(jìn)行了空氣溫度、相對(duì)濕度、風(fēng)速等微氣候因子的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)，以總結(jié)江南地區(qū)私家造園在冬季對(duì)微氣候環(huán)境改善的具體理法。結(jié)果表明：園林中的水體對(duì)微氣候的優(yōu)化效果最為明顯，植物配置對(duì)微氣候的優(yōu)化主要體現(xiàn)在風(fēng)速及濕度上。通過分析冬季瞻園各空間內(nèi)的實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，提出對(duì)山石、水體、植物、建筑布局的優(yōu)化策略，以提高室外活動(dòng)空間的舒適性。

關(guān)鍵詞冬季；微氣候；瞻園；江南地區(qū)；古典園林；設(shè)計(jì)策略

中圖分類號(hào)S688文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A文章編號(hào)0517-6611（2017）11-0133-05

AbstractIn order to explore the effect of different types of space in the classical gardens in Jiangnan area， Zhan Garden in Nanjing was taken as the research object. Three kinds of typical space were selected according to the closeness （open space， semi open space， closed space）， and a total of ten points were set up. They conducted a comprehensive test of temperature， relative humidity and wind speed at 19-21 January 2016， to summarize the concrete methods of improving microclimate environment in the Jiangnan private garden in winter. The results showed that the most obvious improvement to the microclimate is the water in the garden. The optimization of plant configuration on microclimate is mainly reflected in wind speed and humidity. In order to improve the comfort of outdoor space， the optimization strategies on the rocks， water， plants and the layout of the building were proposed， through the analysis of the measured data in each space in Zhan Garden in winter.

Key wordsWinter；Microclimate；Zhan Garden；Jiangnan area；Classical garden；Design strategy

隨著城市化加劇，城市人口密集、高密度空間的不斷出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致城市環(huán)境日益惡化，引發(fā)了諸多環(huán)境問題，嚴(yán)重影響到城市生態(tài)環(huán)境及居民生活質(zhì)量，人們居住空間的安全性、舒適性難以得到保障。城市中資源匱乏，能源消耗卻持續(xù)加劇，氣候問題彰顯，對(duì)理想生活環(huán)境的追求使人們更加關(guān)注景觀規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域。在科學(xué)技術(shù)尚不發(fā)達(dá)的古代，中國(guó)古典造園師憑著對(duì)自然的“因借”，營(yíng)造出理想的微氣候環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)了園林空間的可賞、可游、可居，這對(duì)當(dāng)今中國(guó)風(fēng)景園林同樣具有重要價(jià)值。中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)園林的傳承與創(chuàng)新，其重點(diǎn)必然在于傳統(tǒng)造園藝術(shù)與現(xiàn)代生活環(huán)境的真實(shí)融合[1-4]。……