新配方復合肥配施有機肥對烤煙產質量的影響

夏志林 劉京 張翔 張遠淑 張之礬 饒興義 芶劍渝 李章海 徐增漢 武麗

摘要[目的]篩選適宜黔北煙區烤煙生產的適宜配方復合肥料。[方法]采用3點大田試驗，研究3種新配方復合肥配施有機肥對烤煙經濟性狀、評吸質量、株型及化學成分協調性等指標的影響。[結果]施用T1（N∶P2O5∶K2O為10∶12∶24）和T2（N∶P2O5∶K2O為10∶10∶24）2種新配方復合肥料烤煙的評吸質量分別較對照（常規復合肥）提高了1.35和2.55分，產值分別提高了16.08%和4.73%；T2處理能改善株型，但煙葉的化學成分協調性欠佳。T3（N∶P2O5∶K2O為10∶8∶24）處理的經濟性狀、化學成分和評吸質量較對照略有降低，3種新配方復合肥對烤煙產質量改善的綜合作用效果由優到劣依次為T1、T2、CK、T3。[結論]N∶P2O5∶K2O為10∶12∶24和10∶10∶24 2種新配方復合肥配施有機肥能有效提高煙葉的評吸質量和內在質量，增加經濟效益。

關鍵詞新配方復合肥；有機肥；烤煙；產質量

中圖分類號S572文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）11-0023-04

Abstract[Objective]To select a suitable compound fertilizer in tobacco cultivation areas in North Guizhou. [Method]3 kinds of new formula compound fertilizer were applied with organic fertilizer， effects of new formula compound fertilizer with organic fertilizer on economic characters and sensory evaluation quality and chemical composition coordination of fluecured tobacco by field test were studied. [Result]The smoking quality of T1 （nutrient ratio of N∶P2O5∶K2O was 10∶12∶24） and T2 （10∶10∶24） new formulation compound fertilizer of tobacco were increased by 1.35 and 2.55 score respectively， the output value were increased by 16.08% and 4.73%； T2 treatment could improve the plant type， but the coordination of chemical components was poor. The economic characters， chemical components and smoking quality of T3 （N∶P2O5∶K2O was 10∶8∶24）treatment were slightly lower than those of the control. And the effect of 3 kinds of compound fertilizers on the yield and quality of fluecured tobacco was T1 > T2 > CK > T3. [Conclusion] Two new formulations of compound fertilizer of 10∶12∶24 and 10∶10∶24（N∶P2O5∶K2O） combined with organic fertilizer can effectively improve the quality of tobacco smoking and internal quality， and increase the economic efficiency.

AbstractNew formula compound fertilizer；Organic fertilizer；Fluecured tobacco；Yield and quality

氮是植株細胞內各種氨基酸、蛋白質、生物堿、酰胺等含氮化合物的組成元素，適量施用氮肥可促進煙草生長，獲得較高的經濟效益。磷是核酸、磷脂和核蛋白等生長物質的重要成分，能促進植株生理代謝和碳水化合物的合成，增進烤煙色澤和香味，提高煙葉品質。由于磷肥利用率低，且易被吸附，一般作為基肥一次性施入[1]。鉀是煙草的品質元素，其含量是優質烤煙的重要指標之一，提高鉀素的吸收和利用一直是煙草生產的一項重要課題[2]。在我國黔北煙區的煙草生產中，普遍存在肥料利用率低、施肥不平衡、鉀肥供應不足等問題，因此氮、磷、鉀肥的平衡施用是提高黔北煙區烤煙產量和品質的重要手段。