不同花生品種耐酸性低鈣能力比較

吳海寧 李龍承 黃志鵬 唐秀梅 韓柱強 鐘瑞春 賀梁瓊 熊發前 蔣菁 羅賽云 唐榮華

摘要[目的] 明確不同花生品種耐酸性低鈣能力的差異，篩選適宜在酸性低鈣旱地生長、莢果飽滿的品種，為花生品種的有效利用提供參考。[方法] 酸性低鈣旱地種植19個花生品種，測定各品種的單株結果數、單株飽果數、單株生產力、百果重、百仁重、出仁率等指標。[結果] 酸性低鈣土壤作用下，桂花166的飽果率74.1%，單株生產力30.1 g，百果重140 g，百仁重58 g，出仁率64%，為參試品種中最高；不同品種的單株結果數、飽果率、單株生產力、百果重、百仁重、出仁率差異較大，酸性低鈣土壤對花生的影響具有種間差異性。[結論] 19個花生品種耐酸性低鈣能力存在顯著差異，參試花生品種中有1個品種為高耐酸性低鈣品種，11個品種為中耐酸性低鈣品種，其余7個品種為酸性低鈣敏感品種。

關鍵詞酸性；土壤；花生品種；篩選

中圖分類號S565.2文獻標識碼A文章編號0517-6611（2017）11-0027-04

Abstract[Objective] To define differences of acid and low calcium resistance ability of different peanut varieties， screen peanut varieties that were suitable to grow in the acid and low calcium dryland and with pod full，which provide reference for the utilization of peanut varieties.[Method] 19 peanut varieties were planted in the acid and low calcium dryland， the pod number of per plant， fullpod rate， productivity per plant， 100pod weight， 100seed weight， kernel rate index were determined.[Result]In the acid and low calcium dryland， the index of Guihua 166 including 74.1% of fullpod rate， 30.1 g of productivity per plant， 140 g of 100pod weight， 58 g of 100seed weight， 64% of kernel rate were the highest； There were significant difference of pod numbers of per plant， fullpod rate， plant productivity， 100pod weight， 100seed weight root length， kernel rate among varieties， effect of the acid and low calcium dryland on peanut had the interspecific differences.[Conclusion] The acid and low calcium resistance ability of 19 peanut varieties exists a significant difference. There were 1， 11 and 7 peanut varieties belong to high resistance to acid and low calcium varieties， medium resistance to acid and low calcium varieties and low resistance to acid and low calcium varieties.

Key wordsAcidity；Soil；Peanut variety；Screening

花生是我國重要的食用油和蛋白質來源作物，同時也是商品率很高的主要經濟作物。廣西是我國花生主產區之一，近10年花生面積和總產均穩步增長，2015年種植面積達21.43萬hm2，總產占廣西油料作物的93.85%，面積居全國第7位[1]，目前廣西大部分農戶種植花生主要是解決食用油的供給[2]。但近年來廣西花生大幅減產的現象時有發生，其原因主要是花生種植區的土壤大多屬于酸性紅、黃壤類型，較易缺鈣，從而引起花生供鈣不足，導致花生莢果空殼、爛果增多，降低了花生的產量及種植效益。……