高麗
中圖分類號:G623.24 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1002-7661(2017)04-0067-02
寫作是人們交流與溝通的重要手段之一。寫作能培養學生創造性地使用語言進行思維和表達情感的能力。但不少學生英語寫作存在畏懼心理,尤其是學習能力不強的學生。他們在寫作時心里有話卻表達不出來,對于學過的單詞、句型也不會綜合運用。要培養學生的寫作能力,提高學生的語段寫作能力是關鍵。我結合自身教學實踐,對提高學生的語段寫作能力進行了探索。
有些學生學習英語時間較短,詞匯量不豐富,語法知識匱乏,容易受到母語思維的影響,難以寫出成形的文章。因此,要培養學生的寫作能力,提高學生的語段寫作能力是關鍵。而提高學生的簡短語段寫作能力,可以用“三步訓練法”進行實踐。
第一步:說“說一句話”訓練
英語語段寫作訓練應起始于口頭作文,即說話訓練,而最根本的還是以寫話為目的的“說一句話”訓練。
我先告訴學生:我們在描述某個地方有什么景物時可使用There be句型;然后引導學生練習說“There is /are…”這個句子。There be句型對學生來說并不陌生,學生紛紛舉手發言。
S1: There is a river.
S2: There is the sun.
S3: There are trees.
…
學生說的句子比較單一,于是我又補充:我們可以在名詞前面加上一些形容詞,讓語言更加豐富,如長長的河流、高高的山等。在我的引導下,學生思維活躍,他們輸出的句子更加豐富多彩。
S1: There is a long and clean river.
S2: There is the big sun in the sky.
S3: There are some green trees.
…
接著,我適時引導學生:在描寫圖片時,除了說一說圖中的景物之外,還可以說一說圖中的人物在干什么,可以用現在進行時態描述他們正在做的事情。我給學生列出了句型結構:人+is / are +干什么+地點。學生根據句型結構,開始練習說出以下一些句子:
S1: The man is sleeping under the tree.
S2: The grandma is listening to music under the tree.
S3: The baby is crying. He is very sad.
…
在這個環節中,我變換了說的形式,如四人小組合作說句子、同桌比賽說句子、推選說句子大王等。學生覺得這樣的練習活動不枯燥,他們興趣盎然地說出了各自的句子。
第二步:“寫一句話”訓練
在進行了大量的“說一句話”訓練后,我在黑板上寫下句型一“There is / are …”和句型二“…is/ are…”,要求學生在句型框架的幫助下把剛練說的完整、通順的句子寫下來,進而進入了寫話訓練的環節。由于上一環節的訓練到位,此時大部分學生能寫出很多句子,基礎薄弱的學生在老師的引導下,也能寫出多個完整的句子。例如:
S1: There are clouds and the sun in the sky. The young man is under the tree. He is sleeping. The boy is crying. The old woman is listening to music. The bird is singing .
S2: Today is very hot. Its in the park. The tree is very tall. The sun is red. The river is long. There are four girls. They are rowing a boat. The boy is catching butterflies. He is sad. The man is sleeping under the tree.
S3: There are two mountains. There is a small bird. Its flying near the tree. There are two tall trees. An old woman is listening to music. A man is sleeping under the tree. There is a long river. Four girls are rowing the boat. The sun is big. The sky is blue.
剛開始進行寫話訓練應遵循“起點低、坡度小”的原則,重表揚,多鼓勵。學生能寫一句完整的話后,再提出適當的要求,引導學生從各方面來寫句子,比如圖片中的物、景、人等。此階段還要幫助學生解決一些拼寫方面的困難,讓學生從能寫一句話到寫好一句話,再到能寫好多句話。
第三步:“連句成段”訓練
把話寫完整靠“練句”,把話寫連貫則靠“連句”。在整個語段寫作訓練中,句子是基礎,“連句”是關鍵。
我在教學中引導學生仔細看圖,弄清楚四要素,即時間、地點、人物、事情,再按照一定的順序把剛寫下來的句子進行排列整合,最后“添頭加尾”,寫出一個完整的語段。
經過三個步驟的訓練,學生的作品非常精彩。前面兩個語段范例經過學生的修改,語言更加豐富,意思更加連貫。
S1: Its in the park. There are clouds and the sun in the sky. There are some mountains, some trees and a long river. The bird is singing. The young man is under the tree. He is sleeping. The old woman is listening to music. Four girls are rowing a boat in the river. They are happy.
S2: Today is very hot . its in the park. The sky is blue. The sun is red. The clouds are white. The tree is very tall. The river is long. The birds are flying. The boy is catching butterflies. He is sad because he cant catch the butterfly. There are four girls. They are rowing a boat in the river. They are very excited. The man is sleeping under the tree. Its a lovely park.
S3: Its a sunny day. The sun is hot and the sky is blue. There are some white clouds in the sky. There are many green mountains and trees. There is a long river. There is a boat in the river. The small bird is singing and dancing. The butterfly is flying. Under the tree, an old woman is listening to music and a young man is listening to music and a young man is enjoying the sunshine. They are so happy. But the boy is crying. He is so sad. Today is a nice day!
在平時的教學中,教師可用很多方法指導學生在“練句”的基礎上進行“連句”訓練。例如,教師可以引導學生熟讀、背誦一些語段,體會其內在的聯系,在頭腦中積累一些課文中的語段的范式。
要提高學生的語段寫作能力,不是一朝一夕的事,它需要一個較長的過程。只要教師多實踐,多思考,一定會有更多的方法幫助學生提高語段寫作能力,讓學生更好地、創造性地使用所學語言進行表達。
(責任編輯 劉 馨)