Abstracts of Major Papers in This Issue

Phonological Processing， Vocabulary， Fluency and English Reading Comprehension， by XU Qinfang， p.4

This paper used tests to examine 33 college students’ English word knowledge （reading， spelling and meaning）， reading fluency， and English proficiency. The results show （1） students achieved low scores in word tests and there’s significant difference between high achievers and low achievers； （2） English word reading， spelling， meaning， vocabulary， English reading fluency and proficiency are highly correlated， and the relationship is still significant even vocabulary is controlled； （3） with multi-regression analysis， word spelling cannot predict vocabulary and English proficiency， but word reading and spelling are effective predictors. Therefore， this research proved the important role of English phonological awareness in English learning， and the college students should emphasize word reading and reading fluency.

The Embarrassment of College English Teaching in the Transition from Local Undergraduate Universities to Applied University—Based on the Analysis of the Results of Final Grade， by LI Cuihong， p.8

The local undergraduate universities， after transformation from junior college and now， are facing with the transitional development in the new period. During the transformation great changes have taken place in the aspect of school-running orientation， talent cultivation and the service orientation. Especially， engineering specialties are put on the core position in the optimization of its structure. And there is no doubt that brings the new challenges to college English teaching and learning. The final exam is a quantitative tool to assess students’ learning. This study， based on 2014 grade， four classes of college English final exam results by the way of contrast and analysis， concludes that local undergraduate universities should reform its training scheme of college English subject and the way of exam evaluation； Teaching material choice also need to be suitable for the students.

The Study of English Majors’ Capability of Learner Autonomy： Take Modern Economics Management College of JXUFE for Example， by DENG An’an， p.19

One hundred and ten English majors have been surveyed and interviewed through the Scale of Capability of Learner Autonomy， the reliability and validity of which is quite creditable with detailed data analysis of factors. The results of the data analysis show that the learners are poor in learner autonomy， that learner autonomy significantly correlates with their total scores of end-of-term English tests and that differences exist between high and lower achievers in selfmanaged learning ability and self-regulated learning behavior.

Analysis of Errors Made by Tibetan College Students in Conjugating the English Verb “to be”， by KANG Hong， p.22

By means of tests among the Tibetan-English majors between the beginner-level group and the intermediate-level group， it reveals that students make the verb “to be” errors mainly in 4 specific areas： the auxiliary be， tenses， omission and the passive voice. The beginner-level and the intermediate-level learners make almost the same number of errors in auxiliary verb be and the passive voice with clear individual differences in auxiliary errors. The beginner-learners make more errors in tenses and omission than the intermediate-level learners with clear individual differences. Overall the intermediate-level learners have a better command of the verb“to be”. It is assumed that the complex usages of the verb “to be” determines their degree of acquisition difficulty， with auxiliary verbs， tenses， the passive voice. The interaction effect among Tibetan， Chinese and English adds to difficulties to the learners. Reasons leading to the verb “to be” errors are various.

The Cultivation of non-English Majors’ Translation Competence from the Perspective of CET-4 Translation Testing Reform， by WU Yanhua， p.28

With the reform of CET-4， translation accounts for an increasing proportion in the exam. However， judging from the students’ scoring rate， it is known that their translation competence is generally far away from the high standards and the translation teaching of non-English majors is not satisfactory. These deserve the teachers’ careful thinking and exploration. This paper first interprets the changes of CET-4 translation format， summarizes the translation competence theory， analyzes the reasons for the low translation ability of non-English majors at present， and then puts forward the strategies to develop their translation ability so as to improve their translation and promote the cultivation of their comprehensive ability in using English.

Enlightenment of IC on College English Vocabulary Learning Mode， by WU Fei YANG Yonghe LUO Shengjie， p.47

The introduction of foreign IC improves the quality of library services， meanwhile， it also provides a new perspective for college English vocabulary learning. Firstly， the paper expounds the concept of IC and its significance on English vocabulary learning， and then discusses college English vocabulary learning mode for excellent program universities from the aspect of information resources sharing realization， autonomous learning platform establishment， and the use of e-Portfolio.

A Contrastive Study on the Explicit and Implicit Factors in Chinese and American Advertising Culture， by ZHANG Weihua， p.90

Cultural differences in Chinese and American advertisements are embodied in four dimensions， namely， Power Distance， Individualism and Collectivism， Time Orientation， and Context. The findings of corpus analysis indicate that there exist significant explicit and implicit factors in Chinese and American advertising culture which can implicitize or explicitize the differences in the four cultural dimensions to some degree， and intensify or weaken different cultural characteristics， which can be used for reference in transnational advertising.

Research into Psychological Discourse Based on Attitude System in Appraisal Theory—Exemplifying the Protagonist’s Psychological Discourse in The Red Badge of Courage， by FAN Linfang XU Huixia WU Peng LU Mulin， p.96

This paper， exemplifying The Red Badge of Courage， adopts Attitude System in Appraisal Theory to analyze and evaluate the protagonist’s mental activities， explore the writer’s Affect， Judgment and Appreciation. It studies the text’s deep theme， exposes how human being’s instinct restricts and drives his behaviors under natural circumstances by exploiting psychological activities.

A Study of the Cognitive Universality of Conceptualizations through the Expressions of HAPPINESS and ANGER in Chinese and English， by ZHOU Xia， p.100

Happiness and anger are the basic human emotions. With the contrastive analysis of the conceptual bases of emotional expressions between English and Chinese， this paper is trying to elaborate the fact that emotional expressions are largely based on the conceptualization of people’s repeated experiences in the real world. By cognitive process， people’s conceptual basis is achieved， which is expressed through the devices of metaphor or metonymy. Different people have the same or similar experiences regardless of their different cultures， and that is why we can find the same expressions in different languages.

Thoughts on Translation as Science or Art—Starting from Nida’s Masterpiece， by TAO Lichun， p.107

It has long been a heated debate over whether translation to be treated as science or art. Eugene Nida’s masterpiece， Language and Culture： Contexts in Translating， highlights the important roles of language， culture and contexts in translation as these factors are closely related to translation practice and studies， offering the reader hints and evidence to address the longdebated issue. The complexity of translation tends to obscure its nature and features， giving rise to its wrong or improper understanding. Therefore， be it science or art， correct judgment of translation calls for a clear focus in a proper perspective.

The Representation of Translator’s Subjectivity in Baptism Translation， by LI Hongmei， p.116

Translator’s subjectivity status has gained recognition and respect since the “cultural turn”in translation studies has pushed the translator from behind to the foreground. With several examples from Baptism， the paper is aimed to analyze and demonstrate how the translator’s subjectivity is revealed in translator’s choosing the original text， determining the translation purpose and selecting different translation strategies.

The Discussion on the Problems from the Translation Report Writing of the Undergraduates of English Majors—Based on the undergraduates of English majors of 2015 in Yunnan Normal University Business School， by SONG Nan， p.126

The writing method in the way of “translation practice + translation report” for the undergraduates of English majors in independent colleges is just in the testing stage. Taking the undergraduates of English majors of 2015 in Yunnan Normal University Business School as an example， the thesis explains problems from their translation reports writing and debating and supplies related reference for students， supervisors and teaching administrators in their separate writing， supervising as well as administrating work.

A Study of Translation of Nominalization in English Journalistic Discourses， by ZOU Yongjia， p.146

Nominalization is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in English， especially in written English. The frequent use of nominalization renders texts more formal and objective. English journalistic discourses are a fairly formal functional variety people are widely exposed to in their daily life in which nominalization frequently happens. Nominalization plays an important role in increasing information-carrying capacity and objective description. This paper analyzed the cause of frequent appearance of nominalization in journalistic discourses and its functions based on grammatical metaphor. And corresponding translation strategies will be put forward from the point of differences between English language and Chinese language.