24種連蕊茶在夏季極端高溫干旱條件下的耐旱潛力評價

王江英　吳斌　劉偉鑫　范正琪　李紀(jì)元

摘 要 2013年6～9月，華東地區(qū)發(fā)生的極端高溫干旱給園林植物的生長造成了嚴(yán)重影響。通過田間旱害調(diào)查及相關(guān)生理指標(biāo)測定，采用葉片耐旱指數(shù)和生理指標(biāo)的平均隸屬函數(shù)值聚類分析方法，對浙江省金華市國際山茶物種園連蕊茶組（Sect. Theopsis）的24個種進(jìn)行了耐旱潛力綜合評價。結(jié)果表明：24種連蕊茶的耐旱潛力可分為強、較強、中等及弱4類，其中第一類耐旱潛力強，包括小卵葉連蕊茶、七瓣連蕊茶、長尖連蕊茶、貴州連蕊茶、大萼連蕊茶；第二類耐旱潛力較強，包括細(xì)萼連蕊茶、微花連蕊茶、黃楊葉連蕊茶、尖連蕊茶、岳麓連蕊茶、小長尾連蕊茶、鐘萼連蕊茶、蒙自連蕊茶、川鄂連蕊茶、長管連蕊茶、大花尖連蕊茶；第三類耐旱潛力中等，包括荔波連蕊茶、披針萼連蕊茶、細(xì)葉連蕊茶、肖長尖連蕊茶、柃葉連蕊茶、細(xì)尖連蕊茶；第四類為耐旱潛力弱，包括毛花連蕊茶、川滇連蕊茶。

關(guān)鍵詞 連蕊茶組；耐旱潛力； 耐旱指數(shù)；生理指標(biāo)；綜合評價

中圖分類號 S685 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼 A

Abstract Ornamental plants in the East China were seriously affected by the extreme high temperature and long drought period from June to September in 2013. In this experiment， 24 12-year-old species from Sect. Theopsis in the Jinhua International Camellia Species Garden were evaluated for their potential of drought-resistance through the field investigation and 4 relevant physiological index analysis. The results showed that 24 species could be classified into 4 categories based on the drought-resistance， the first category with strong drought-resistance including C. parvi-ovata， C. septempetala， C. acutissima， C. costei， and C. macrosepala； the second category is drought-resistance including C. tsofui， C. minutiflora， C. buxifolia， C. cuspidata， C. handelii， C. parvicaudata， C. campanisepala， C. forrestii， C. rosthorniana， C. elongata and C. cuspidata var. grandiflorac； the third category to moderate drought-resistance including C. lipoensis， C. lancicalyx， C. parvilimba， C. subacutissima， C. euryoides and C. parvicuspidata； while the fourth category with weaker drought-resistance including C. fraterna and C. tsaii， on the basis of comprehensive evaluation.

Key words Sect. Theopsis； Potential of drought-resistance； Drought-resistant index； Physiological index； Comprehensive evaluation

doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.020

連蕊茶組（Sect. Theopsis）屬于山茶科（Theaceae）山茶屬（Camellia）植物，常綠灌木或小喬木[1]。其樹形開展，分枝細(xì)密，幼枝下垂，新葉鮮紅，微花繁密芳香，適應(yīng)性強，是近年來倍受推崇的新型園林綠化觀賞植物[2]。

關(guān)于山茶屬植物的抗寒性和耐熱性雖有一些研究，但大多是基于離體生理測定的間接方法及結(jié)果。駱琴婭等[3]以電導(dǎo)法對低溫處理后的山茶屬8個物種幼林期離體葉片進(jìn)行了抗寒性評價。李辛雷等[4]以山茶屬17個組130個物種為材料，通過測定離體葉片的相對電導(dǎo)率、丙二醛含量及超氧陰離子產(chǎn)生速率等生理指標(biāo)，評價其在自然高溫條件下的耐熱性。……