張彥軍等



摘 要 糯米香是原產自云南的稀有的爵床科草本植物,因其散發出印度香米和班蘭葉的香味而聞名。采用頂空固相微萃取技術(HS-SPME)結合氣相色譜-質譜聯用技術調查海南產糯米香葉的揮發性成分,通過優化HS-SPME進樣條件得出最佳萃取條件。結果表明:最佳萃取條件為:1 g糯米香葉干粉,NaCl添加量為2 g,萃取頭為DVB/CAR/PDMS,平衡時間為30 min,萃取溫度為70 ℃,萃取時間為30 min。從糯米香葉中分離出79種揮發性成分,其中2-丙酰基-3,4,5,6-四氫吡啶和2-丙酰基-1,4,5,6-四氫吡啶是糯米香葉的主要揮發性成分,分別占總揮發性物質的43.89%和37.06%;其次為哌啶-2-甲酸乙酯(5.88%)、2-乙酰基-3,4,5,6-四氫吡啶(5.27%)和丙酰基吡啶(1.73%);微量成分為1-烯基-3-庚酮、3-辛酮、3-辛醇、乙酰基吡啶和2-乙酰基哌啶。
關鍵詞 糯米香葉;頂空固香微萃取技術;四氫吡啶;香氣成分
中圖分類號 TQ65,O657 文獻標識碼 A
Abstract Strobilanthes tonkinensis originated from Yunnan province is a rare acanthaceae plant. It is known as spice with a strong odor reminiscent of basmati rice or pandan leaves. Volatiles in Strobilanthes tonkinensis leaves were investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME). The HS-SPME technique was previously evaluated to optimize the sampling conditions. The best sampling conditions were one kilogram of Strobilanthes tonkinensis were mixed with two kilograms of NaCl. The DVB/CAR/PDMS was chosen as SPME fiber. The balance time,extraction temperature,extraction time were set as 30 min,70 ℃,30 min,respectively. Strobilanthes tonkinensis leaves contained 79 kinds of volatiles,in which 1-(3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyridyl)-1-propanone (43.89%)and 1-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyridyl)-1-propanone(37.06%)constituted the main part of the volatile compounds. Minor components were ethyl pipecolinate(5.88%), 2-Acetyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine(5.27%), 1-Propanone, 1-(2-pyridinyl)-(1.73%), 1-Hepten-3-one,3-Octanone,3-Octanol,1-(2-pyridinyl)-ethanone, and 2-Acetylpiperidine in trace amounts,repectively.
Key words Strobilanthes tonkinensis leaves;Headspace solid phase microextraction;Tetrahydropyridines;Volatiles
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2015.03.027
糯米香為爵床科(Acanthaceae)馬藍屬(Strobil-
anthes)多年生草本植物,學名Strobilanthes tonkinensis Lindau,將S. menglaensis作為異名處理,原產于云南景洪、臨滄等地,生于低山溝谷密林下或石灰巖山腳密林下,泰國和越南也有分布[1-2]。因其葉片散發出淡淡的糯米香味而命名。據植物志編委會[2]和譚樂和等[3]報道,糯米香是一種天然香料和藥用植物,全株含有40多種香氣成分和對人體有益的氨基酸,用糯米香葉片制成的茶稱為糯米香茶,是一種名貴的天然保健茶。除可供調配香精,其亦可作為茶葉、酒曲、餅干、冰淇淋、點心等的配料,其香氣清雅,滋味醇正爽口,植株干時散發出獨特的糯米香氣,具有清熱解毒、養顏抗衰等功效。另據潘玉梅[4]報道,糯米香茶是一種天然飲料,是云南傣家待客的常用飲料。……