·論著·
沉默S100A4基因表達對鼻咽癌細胞株CNE2凋亡及侵襲的影響
羅海林1,江青山1,沈寶茗1,楊學敏2
(1南華大學附屬第一醫(yī)院,湖南衡陽421001;2廣西醫(yī)科大學第一附屬醫(yī)院)
摘要:目的觀察沉默鈣離子相關蛋白(S100A4)表達對鼻咽癌細胞株CNE2凋亡及侵襲的影響。方法培養(yǎng)CNE2細胞,分為空白組、對照組及實驗組。實驗組細胞通過Lipofectamine2000轉染S100A4 siRNA,對照組細胞通過Lipofectamine2000轉染空質粒,空白組細胞未做轉染。Western blotting法檢測CNE2細胞中的S100A4蛋白。real-time PCR法檢測S100A4 mRNA。流式細胞術檢測細胞凋亡情況。Transwell實驗檢測細胞侵襲能力。結果實驗組、空白組、對照組S100A4 mRNA相對表達量分別為0.600 4±0.05、1.000 0±0.00、0.894 1±0.09,S100A4 蛋白相對表達量分別為0.22±0.016、0.42±0.022、0.39±0.022。實驗組細胞中S100A4 mRNA、蛋白表達量與空白組及對照組相比,P均<0.05。實驗組、空白組、對照組細胞凋亡率分別為45.87%、3.49%、2.49%,實驗組與空白組及對照組相比,P均<0.05。Transwell實驗結果示實驗組穿膜細胞數(shù)為(206±22)個,空白組和對照組分別為(329±12)、(347±21)個。實驗組穿膜細胞數(shù)與空白組、對照組相比,P均<0.05。結論 沉默S100A4基因表達后,CNE2細胞凋亡增多,細胞侵襲能力漸弱。
關鍵詞:鼻咽腫瘤;鼻咽癌;鈣離子相關蛋白;S100A4蛋白;細胞凋亡;細胞侵襲
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.39.001
中圖分類號:R739.63文獻標志碼:A
基金項目:湖南省科技廳科研基金資助項目(2012SK3159)。
作者簡介:第一羅海林(1990-),男,碩士研究生,研究方向為耳鼻咽喉頭頸腫瘤。E-mail: 455155631@qq.com
作者簡介:通信江青山(1971-),男,碩士研究生,副主任醫(yī)師,副教授,碩士生導師,主要研究方向為耳鼻喉科疾病的診治。E-mail: 2365486131@qq.com
收稿日期:(2015-08-23)
Effect of silence of S100A4 gene on apoptosis and invasion
of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2
LUOHai-lin1,JIANGQing-shan,SHENBao-ming,YANGXue-min
(1TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofUniversityofSouthChina,Hengyang421001,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo observe the effect of silencing calcium ion associated protein (S100A4) expression on apoptosis and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE2. Methods The CNE2 cells were cultured, and then were divided into the blank group, control group and experimental group. The cells of the experimental group were transfected with S100A4siRNA by Lipofectamine2000, the control group was transfected with CON (empty plasmid) by Lipofectamine2000, and the cells in the blank group did not receive special transfection. Western blotting was used to detect the S100A4 protein in CNE2 cells, and the expression of S100A4 mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell assay was used to detect cell invasion. ResultsThe relative expression levels of S100A4 mRNA in the experimental group, blank control group and control group were respectively 0.600 4±0.05, 1.000 0±0.00 and 0.894 1±0.09, and the relative expression levels of S100A4 protein were respectively 0.22±0.016, 0.42±0.022 and 0.39±0.022. The expression of S100A4 mRNA and protein in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group and the blank control group (all P<0.05). The apoptosis rates of the experimental group, blank group and control group were 45.87%, 3.49% and 2.49%. The apoptosis rates in the experimental group and the blank group were lower than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Transwell experimental results show that the number of cells passing through the cell membrane was (206±22), the blank group and the control group were (329±12) and (347±21). Significant difference was found in the number of cells between the experimental group and the blank group, the control group (all P<0.05). Conclusion After silencing S100A4 gene expression, the apoptosis of CNE2 cells was increased, and cell invasion ability was decreased.
Key words: nasopharyngeal neoplasms; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; calcium ion associated protein; S100A4 protein; apoptosis; cell invasion
鼻咽癌早期診斷率低,且易發(fā)生擴散及遠處轉移[1]。在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展及轉移過程中,存在某些基因及相關活化分子的激活[2]。鈣離子相關蛋白(S100A4蛋白)是一種鈣離子結合蛋白,能結合多種細胞內靶蛋白并調節(jié)其功能,參與細胞增殖、分化、信號轉導、細胞黏附、細胞外基質重建及細胞運動等過程[3],并與腫瘤的進展有關。S100A4在鼻咽癌中的作用機制尚不明確,為此,2014年1月~2015年5月,我們觀察了沉默S100A4表達對鼻咽癌細胞CNE2凋亡及侵襲的影響,初步探討S100A4在鼻咽癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用機制。
1材料與方法
1.1材料人鼻咽癌CNE2細胞株購自廣西醫(yī)科大學耳鼻喉實驗中心;Transwell培養(yǎng)板購于美國Corning公司;Lipofectamine2000購于美國Invitrogen公司;改良型1640培養(yǎng)基購于Hyclone公司;胎牛血清購自杭州四季青公司;胰酶、Tris、APS、SDS及TEMED購于Sigma公司;Anecxin-V/PI凋亡試劑盒購于美國Biovision公司;S100A4、GAPDH等相關抗體購于Proteinch公司;S100A4 siRNA和空載體NC siRNA購自維爾生物科技有限公司。
1.2CNE2細胞分組與S100A4 siRNA轉染將CNE2細胞培養(yǎng)于含12.5% FBS的1640培養(yǎng)基,置于37 ℃、5% CO2、飽和濕度培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。細胞融合達80%左右用胰酶消化細胞,1∶2進行傳代。待細胞密度為50%~70%時胰酶消化。準備6孔板,各加入細胞懸液2 mL,繼續(xù)于培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),轉染前更換為不含抗生素的培養(yǎng)基800 mL。準備三支試管,標注A管、B管、C管,分別配制三種溶液。A管溶液:將10 μL Lipofectamine2000轉染試劑移入200 μL無血清培養(yǎng)基中,輕晃混勻5 min;B管溶液:稀釋10 μL S100A4 siRNA于100 μL無血清培養(yǎng)基中,輕晃混勻5 min;C管溶液:稀釋10 μL空質粒于100 μL無血清培養(yǎng)基中,輕晃混勻5 min。取A管溶液各100 μL分別加入B管、C管溶液中輕輕混勻。靜置20 min,將脂質體復合物加入到對應培養(yǎng)瓶中。將細胞隨機分為空白組(加等量無血清培養(yǎng)基,不做轉染)、對照組和實驗組。6 h后,將Lipofectamine2000培養(yǎng)基更換為完全新鮮培養(yǎng)基,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h后取出,進行后續(xù)實驗。
1.3CNE2細胞中S100A4 mRNA檢測取三組細胞,用TRIzol試劑盒提取細胞總RNA,以總RNA為模板,逆轉錄成cDNA。S100A4 mRNA上游引物序列為5′-GCCCTGGATGTGATGGTGTC-3′,下游引物序列為5′-CCTCGTTGTCCCTGTTGCTGT-3′;內參GAPDH mRNA上游引物序列為5′-CGGCAAATTCAACGGCACA-3′,下游引物序列為5′-GGTCTCGCTCCTGGAAGATGG-3′。進行real-time PCR反應。反應條件:95 ℃ 10 min,95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 10 s,72 ℃ 20 s,共40個循環(huán)。計算2-ΔCt,以此作為目的基因相對表達量。
1.4CNE2細胞中S100A4蛋白檢測準備三組細胞,加入RIPA裂解液后反復吹打,提取蛋白,用BCA蛋白定量試劑盒定量蛋白,SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,轉接到PVDF膜,用5%脫脂奶粉進行封閉,室溫放置1 h。加入一抗共孵育,4 ℃過夜,1×TBST漂洗3次。加入二抗,共孵育45~60 min。加入ECL化學發(fā)光液進行孵育,在暗盒內與X膠片曝光,顯影沖洗,采集圖像,采用Quantity One灰度分析軟件進行分析、定量。
1.5凋亡CNE2細胞檢測用不含EDTA的胰酶消化各組細胞,PBS預冷洗滌,2 000 r/min離心5 min,棄上清液,重復2次,收集(1~5)×105個細胞,加Binding buffer 500 μL懸浮細胞,加入Annexin V-FITC 5 μL混勻后,再加Propidium Iodide 5 μL混勻。室溫下避光反應5~15 min,1 h內用流式細胞儀觀察細胞凋亡情況。
1.6CNE2細胞侵襲能力檢測將各組細胞用0.25%胰酶消化,用無血清培養(yǎng)基制成細胞懸液,調整細胞密度為1×106/mL,吸取100 μL加入侵襲小室內,下室加入含10%FBS的DMEM,培養(yǎng)48 h。棄去小室內培養(yǎng)液,用PBS洗2遍。用濕棉簽擦盡上室細胞,加入按1∶1混合的丙酮與甲醇溶液固定20 min,PBS洗2遍,用0.1%結晶紫染色20 min,清水洗3遍以上,顯微鏡下觀察,拍照,計數(shù)穿膜細胞。
1.7統(tǒng)計學方法采用細胞SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計軟件。計量資料以±s表示,多組間比較采用方差分析,兩組比較采用t檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2結果
2.1各組細胞S100A4 mRNA、蛋白表達比較實驗組、空白組、對照組S100A4 mRNA相對表達量分別為0.600 4±0.05、1.000 0±0.00、0.894 1±0.09,S100A4 蛋白相對表達量分別為0.22±0.016、0.42±0.022、0.39±0.022。實驗組S100A4 mRNA、蛋白表達量與空白組及對照組相比,P均<0.05。
2.2各組細胞凋亡情況比較實驗組早期凋亡細胞占32.43%、晚期凋亡細胞占12.05%、死亡細胞占1.39%,凋亡率為45.87%;空白組細胞凋亡率為3.49%;對照組細胞凋亡率為2.49%。實驗組與空白組及對照組相比,P均<0.05。
2.3各組細胞侵襲能力比較Transwell實驗結果示實驗組穿膜細胞數(shù)為(206±22)個,空白組和對照組分別為(329±12)、(347±21)個。實驗組穿膜細胞數(shù)與空白組、對照組相比,P均<0.05。
3討論
S100基因家族主要分布在細胞質及細胞核中,相對分子量在9~13 kD,編碼鈣離子結合蛋白[4]。S100A4是S100家族中的一員,由兩個同源二聚體結構相捆綁形成,其中兩個亞單位呈反向平行,每個亞單位結構的 EF雙螺旋手臂兩側的螺旋結構區(qū)為疏水區(qū),中間的環(huán)形結構為鈣離子高度選擇性的親水區(qū)。當與鈣離子結合后,S100A4蛋白構象改變,暴露相關靶蛋白結合位點,遂與靶蛋白結合發(fā)揮相應生物學作用[5]。研究表明,S100A4蛋白可通過鈣離子相關信號轉導通路參與細胞黏附、凋亡、基質降解和血管生成,與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展有關[6,7]。在人類多種惡性腫瘤(如胃癌、直腸癌、乳腺癌、子宮內膜癌、肺癌、膀胱癌等)組織中,S100A4蛋白表達增高,患者預后不理想[8]。因此,通過檢測S100A4蛋白有助于評估腫瘤侵襲、轉移等情況[9]。
有研究[10]表明,S100A4與P53結合后,可促使野生型P53丟失,P53正常結構破壞、功能改變,導致細胞磷酸化作用發(fā)生異常,細胞的正常修復監(jiān)控功能喪失,發(fā)生惡變[11],因此,沉默S100A4基因有可能抑制腫瘤細胞增殖。S100A4可激活MMP-2酶原成為有活性的MMP-2,還可通過激活NF-κB通路來誘導MMP-2合成,進而使細胞外基質發(fā)生降解,為腫瘤的侵襲與轉移提供條件[12,13]。還有研究表明,S100A4與鈣黏蛋白在腫瘤細胞黏附力方面分別起著正性、負性調節(jié)作用。當S100A4表達上調時,鈣黏蛋白表達下降,腫瘤細胞間黏附作用減弱,易發(fā)生分化及轉移[14,15],推測S100A4也可能通過影響MMP和鈣黏蛋白的分布從而促進腫瘤細胞侵襲、轉移[16]。
本研究中,我們采用RNA干擾技術成功使CNE2細胞中S100A4 mRNA及蛋白表達下調,實驗組細胞凋亡率高于空白組和對照組,細胞侵襲能力低于空白組及對照組。上述結果證實S100A4基因對鼻咽癌細胞增殖和侵襲有促進作用,而沉默S100A4基因表達后,鼻咽癌細胞凋亡增多,細胞侵襲能力下降,這為進一步了解S100A4在鼻咽癌發(fā)生發(fā)展中的作用機制奠定了實驗基礎。
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