彈簧切割胸膜活檢術對診斷不明原因滲出性胸腔積液的臨床價值*
田攀文王業文富強申永春萬春
(四川大學華西醫院呼吸內科, 四川 成都 610041)
【摘要】目的探討彈簧切割胸膜活檢對不明原因滲出性胸腔積液的診斷價值,以為臨床處治提供科學依據。方法對367例不明原因滲出性胸腔積液患者進行彈簧切割胸膜活檢術,同時抽取胸水送檢常規、生化、細胞學及細菌學等實驗室檢查。結果367例患者的第一次胸膜活檢成功率為95.10%,268例患者的胸膜活檢有特異性病理結果。其中惡性胸腔積液確診率為78.52%,結核性胸膜炎確診率為63.55%。并發癥包括:出血、胸膜反應和氣胸,但發生率較低。結論彈簧切割胸膜活檢術作為一項微創技術具有簡單、安全、有效的特點,在不明原因胸腔積液的診斷過程中,是一項重要的內科確診手段。
【關鍵詞】彈簧切割胸膜活檢; 胸腔積液; 診斷
【中圖分類號】R 446.8;R 561【文獻標志碼】A
基金項目:四川省科技廳科技支撐計劃項目(2013SZ0001)
通訊作者:文富強,《西部醫學》常務編委,Email: wenfuqiang@126.com
收稿日期:( 2014-11-03; 編輯: 張文秀)
Clinical study of the diagnostic value of pleural biopsy by spring cutting in unexplained exudative pleural effusionsTIAN Panwen, WANG Ye, WEN Fuqiang,etal
(DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,WestChinaHospital,SichuanUniversity,Chengdu610041,China)
Abstract【】ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of percutaneous pleural biopsy by spring cutting in the diagnosis of unexplained exudative pleural effusions. MethodsPercutaneous pleural biopsies by spring cutting were performed on 367 patients with unexplained exudative pleural effusion. Other tests on pleural effusion including routine inspection, biochemical, cytological and bacteriological and other laboratory tests were also performed. ResultsThe success rate of the first-time biopsy in 367 cases was 95.10%. 268 patients got definite pathological results. Pleural biopsy obtained 78.52 percent accuracy for malignant pleural effusion and 63.55 percent accuracy for tuberculous pleurisy. ConclusionPleural biopsy by spring cutting is a simple, safe and effective method in the diagnosis of pleural effusion.
【Key words】Pleural biopsy by spring cutting; Pleural effusion; Diagnosis

任何原因導致胸腔內出現過多的液體稱為胸腔積液,俗稱胸水。正常人胸腔內有3~15ml液體,在呼吸運動時起潤滑作用。但胸膜腔中的積液量并非固定不變,正常人每24小時有500~1000ml的液體形成與吸收。胸膜腔內液體經毛細血管的靜脈端再吸收,其余的液體由淋巴系統回收至血液,濾過與吸收處于動態平衡。若由于全身或局部病變破壞了這種動態平衡,致使胸膜腔內液體形成過快或吸收過緩,臨床產生胸腔積液。……