摘 要:中考英語聽力測試不斷調整,穩中有變,側重考查學生的英語聽力技能,考查學生理解和獲取信息的能力。2013年,河北中考英語聽力測試第三、四題調整為聽對話和問題及聽語段和問題,將第四題中的聽對話部分整合到第三題。
關鍵詞:中考英語;聽力測試;聽力技能;調整
中圖分類號:G633.41 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1009-010X(2013)05-0026-05
隨著新《英語課程標準》的實施和中考改革的不斷深入,中考英語聽力測試不斷調整,穩中有變,變中求新、求發展,主客觀題量適度調整,體現了聽力技能的目標,使試題結構更加科學合理,內容更接近現實生活和語言運用實際,既扣緊《英語課程標準》的目標要求,平穩平和,又注重能力,體現“知識與技能、過程與方法、情感態度與價值觀”三維目標及開放的意識,較好地體現了新《英語課程標準》的理念和特點,對全面實施新課程方案及中考改革做了有益的嘗試,對英語教學改革起到正導向作用。鑒于此,本文以河北省中考英語聽力測試為例,進行實例透析。
一、中考英語聽力測試的側重點
聽力技能是指學生對口頭語言材料的理解能力和從口頭語言材料中獲取信息的能力。義務教育《英語課程標準》對初中畢業升學考試的具體要求是:檢測學生綜合語言的運用能力的發展程度,包括語言技能、語言知識、情感態度、學習策略和文化意識等五個方面。
中考英語學科主要側重考查學生的語言技能、語言知識、跨文化交際意識和跨文化交際能力,側重考查學生英語聽、說、讀、寫等語言技能及靈活運用語言知識的能力。聽力部分主要考查聽力技能,側重考查學生理解和獲取信息的能力,具體要求:
1.能根據語調和重音理解說話者的意圖;
2.能聽懂有關熟悉話題的談話,并能從中提取信息和觀點;
3.能借助語境克服生詞障礙,理解大意;
4.能聽懂接近自然語速的故事和記敘文,理解故事的因果關系;
5.能在聽的過程中用適當方式做出反應;
6.能針對所聽語段的內容記錄簡單信息;
7. 能聽懂廣播、電視、錄音、錄像中與本學段水平相當的英語有聲語言材料。
中考英語聽力測試是反映我國語言測試和語言學習基本思路的一種考試。它強調語言的交際功能和實用性,考試的題型也多種多樣,經常是在測試聽力時也考查考生的單詞拼寫和短語的運用。目前,大多中考英語聽力測試,和筆試同卷考試,試題由省統一組織命制。試題的內容涉及廣泛, 從多個方面測試考生的聽力理解能力,如聽具體的信息、聽某些細節、理解要旨、理解說話人的態度和觀點等。其命題原則、內容及考查方式大致如下:
(一)命題原則
中考英語聽力測試試題設計由易到難,循序漸進,有梯度,有層次,一般從聽句子入手,再從短對話到長對話及長語篇,聽力材料逐漸加長,信息量逐漸增大,主要考查學生的聽力理解能力和獲取信息的能力。
1.不依賴、偏向于某一版本的教材,不出偏、怪、難題,不出死記硬背、機械訓練的題目;
2.滲透以培養學生的創新精神和實踐能力為核心的教育新理念,重視綜合英語語言運用能力的考查,以推動英語學科教學方式和學習方式的改革;
3.充分發揮考試的正導向功能,堅持以學生為本,注意考題的探究性與綜合性;
4.堅持其教育性與時代性,引導學生關注社會、關注人類;
5.在形式上,保留有開放性試題的考查,遵循了由易到難的測試原則,使考查的效度和試題的信度更高。
6.試題難度比例3:5:2(容易題30%,中等難度題50%,難度較大題20%),整套試卷難度系數為0.65。
(二)試題內容
聽力部分共30個小題,分客觀題和主觀題兩部分。用五個題型通過語氣、句子、對話、語段、語篇五個層面來考學生的聽力。聽力內容涵蓋《英語課程標準》和《中考文化課學科說明》所要求掌握的功能意念項目中大部分主要內容,旨在考查考生從有聲材料中獲取語言信息并處理信息的能力。試題的大部分為細節信息題,部分題涉及整體意圖、觀點和態度的理解,內容多為學生所熟悉的話題,如
1.個人情況、日常生活、學校生活、興趣與愛好、個人情感、人際關系、健康、文娛與體育等;
2.《英語課程標準》中的功能意念項目,包括社會交往、態度、情感、時間、空間、存在、特征、計量、比較、邏輯關系、職業等等各個方面;
3.所選用或編擬的材料,語言地道、時代感強。考查的情景和話題緊扣《英語課程標準》,不拘泥于教材。在內容上既力求符合英語語言的真實交際意義,又貼近學生實際生活;
4.設題均依據直接信息、重點信息,表述簡潔、凝練,不給學生增加審題困難;
5.語言生活化、簡單化、口語化、情景化。朗讀時長25分鐘,采用英美英語,突出不同背景材料的語言特點,用語氣、語調、語流、語速來凸顯不同人物的特征,幫助學生理解。
(三)考查方式
河北省中考英語聽力測試考查的方式主要包括以下幾種:
1.捕捉句子中的關鍵信息。例如:2012年河北省中考英語試題聽力部分(第一節)第4小題:
No.4. A. Tim is a student.
B. Tim is 40 years old.
C. Tim works in a school.
錄音材料:No.4. Tim is 14 and he is in high school.
本題注重考查學生捕捉句子中關鍵信息的能力,從辨音和分析語義兩個方面考查。要求學生理解、分析所聽材料,甄別、比對各選項后做出正確選擇。此題既考查辨音又考查語義分析,要求在理解聽力材料的基礎上去辨音。本題從辨音排除選項B,從語意排除選項C,正確答案是A。
2.理解和應答日常交際用語;例如:2012年河北省中考英語試題聽力部分(第一節)第7小題
No.7. A. Well done. B. Never mind. C. No way.
錄音材料:
No.7. Dad, can I drive the car to the party?
本題型以人機對話形式,考查學生對日常交際用語的理解和應答能力。聽信息,選答語試題,是一種人機對話的考查形式,以考查考生的英語口語能力,是一種非常先進的考查形式。本題正確選項是C。
3.對對話中的人物、時間、地點、事件、季節、價格等做出簡單判斷;
4.理解、歸納、概括語段、對話等聽力材料的主旨大意;
5.根據所聽語篇的內容進行推斷以及記錄相關的信息等。
例如:2012年河北省中考英語試題聽力部分(第一節)第13小題:
No. 13. A. Tom didn’t see her.
B. Tom’s reading about water.
C. Tom doesn’t like water.
錄音材料:
M: Oh, Sorry, Susie. I didn’t see you.
W: What are you reading, Tom?
M: I’m reading about water.
W: Water?
Question: Why is Susie surprised?
本題型考查學生對所聽對話和相關信息的理解能力。該題是2012年新增的考查方式,根據語氣、語調來推測、判斷人物說話意圖。錄音朗讀water采用吃驚、懷疑的語氣,表達Susie對Tom所讀內容的詫異。本題正確選項是B。
該部分題型設計由淺入深,由易到難,布局合理,情景豐富、真實。聽力測試的錄音音質清晰、語言地道、語速適中、語調流暢,有利于學生答題。
二、聽力測試基本不變題型
穩中求發展,是中考英語聽力測試命題的總原則。為了保持穩定,2013年河北省中考英語聽力測試,估計將繼續保持五個題型通過語氣、句子、對話、語段、語篇五個層面來考查學生的聽力。聽力部分包含五個大題,30個小題,分客觀題和主觀題兩部分。其中基本不變的聽力試題有三道。它們是:第一題、第二題和第八題。具體情況如下:
第一題:聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。這一試題基本不變,仍保持辨音、分析語義、聽數字、短語和句子五個層面,同2012年試題。例如:2012年河北省中考英語試題聽力部分(第一節)第一題:
Ⅰ.聽句子,選出句子中所包含的信息。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
1. A. desk B. test C. text
2. A. 08:15 B. 07:45 C. 08:45
3. A. a tidy shirt B. a white skirt C. a nice bird
4. A. Tim is a student. B. Tim is 40 years old.
C. Tim works in a school.
5. A. We must finish the work at 10:00.
B. We can’t finish the work before 10:00.
C. We’ll probably finish the work before 10:00.
聽力材料:
No.1. We had a big test yesterday.
No.2. On Sundays, I get up at a quarter past eight.
No.3. I bought a nice bird for my brother's birthday.
No.4. Tim is 14 and he is in high school.
No.5. It’s possible for us to finish the work before 10 o’clock.
Key:1.B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. C
第二題:聽句子,選出該句的最佳答語。
本試題仍以《英語課程標準》中的功能意念項目為主要內容,同2012年試題。例如:2012年河北省中考英語試題聽力部分(第一節)第二題:
Ⅱ. 聽句子,選出該句的最佳答語。(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
6. A. You’re right.B. I hope so.
C. It’s not too hard.
7. A. Well done. B. Never mind. C. No way.
8. A. Who’s speaking?
B. I’ll call her later.
C. The line is busy.
9. A. It’s Tuesday.
B. It’s December 25th.
C. It’s a fine day.
10.A. Be careful.
B. I don’t think so.
C. Nothing serious.
聽力材料:
No.6. Don’t worry about the match. You’ll do a good job.
No.7. Dad, can I drive the car to the party?
No.8. I'm sorry, but she's out to dinner right now.
No.9. What day of the week is Christmas this year?
No.10. Doctor, I’ve got a pain here.
Key: 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C
第八題:聽力部分(第二節)聽短文或對話填空,完成信息。同2012年試題。例如:2012年河北省中考英語試題聽力部分(第二節)第八題:
Ⅷ.聽短文填空(共5小題,每小題1分,計5分)
第八題:聽短文填空。下面你將聽到一篇短文,短文讀兩遍。請你聽完短文的第二遍朗讀后,根據短文的內容和提示,在信息表中相應的橫線上填入所缺信息。
Good morning ladies and gentlemen, this is the captain speaking, and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 for New York.
Our flight time today is about two hours, and most of the time we will be flying at the height of 29,000 feet. After we reach that height, we will offer you lunch. The weather right now is sunny, but there’s a chance of snow later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13, New York Airport.
Please turn off your mobile phones. The plane will take off in a moment. Wish you a pleasant stay in New York City. Now sit back and enjoy your flight.
Key: 71. lunch 72. snow/snowing 73. Gate 13
74. take off/leave 75. stay/time
三、聽力測試微調整合部分
2013年河北省中考英語聽力測試,對第三題聽對話和問題,選擇正確答案和第四題聽語段、對話和問題,選擇正確答案,進行微調、整合。調整后的第三題,增加聽長對話,增加題量和計分;第四題只聽語段,減少題量和計分。兩題調整的具體情況大致如下:
(一)第三題調整情況
第三題的五組對話和五個問題,改為六組對話或五組對話,對話含短對話和長對話,7~8個問題,計7~8分。
例:2013年河北省中考英語聽力模擬試題,第三題:
Ⅲ. 聽對話和問題,選擇適當的選項。(共8小題,每小題1分,計8分)
11
A. B. C.
12.
A. B. C.
13. A. 255 yuan. B. 100 yuan. C. 355 yuan.
14. A. Peter. B. Tom. C. Betty.
15. A.Because he was away from school.
B. Because he was writing a report.
C. Because he didn’t know it.
16. A.Watching TV. B. Doing his homework.
C. Playing computer games.
17. A. 3. B. 4. C. 5.
18. A. Watching TV.
B. Playing computer games.
C. Doing housework.
聽力材料:
第三題:聽對話和問題,選擇適當的選項。下面你將聽到六組對話和八個問題,每組對話和問題讀兩遍。請你聽完對話和問題的第二遍朗讀后,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個選項中,選出正確的選項。
No.11. W: Hello, is that Li Lei speaking?
M: Yes, Li Lei speaking.
W: What’s the weather like in Beijing today? I’m going there to buy some books.
M: It’s windy and rainy.
W: That’s too bad. But there’s no cloud at all here in Baoding.
Q: What is the weather like in Baoding?
No.12. M: Good evening, Li Mei! Here are some bananas, grapes and pears. Please make yourself at home and help yourself.
W: Thank you, Jack. I like grapes very much.
Q: What will Li Mei have?
No.13. W: How nice your clothes are! How much are they?
M: My sweater cost me 255 yuan, my trousers were 100 yuan, and I spent 45 yuan on my shirt.
Q: How much did the man spend on his sweater and trousers?
No.14. M: Hello, this is Tom speaking. Is Peter in?
W: Hello, this is Betty, Peter’s sister. Hold on, please …Peter! Someone is calling you.
Q: Who’s Tom calling?
No.15. W: You didn’t go to the talk yesterday, Jim. Were you too busy with your report?
M: No, I was free yesterday. But I wasn’t told about it.
Q: Why didn’t Jim go to the talk?
No. 16~18
W: Hello, Jim!
M: Hello, Linda! Come in, please.
W: Thanks, Jim! You have a nice room! This is my homework ----“My Friend’s Evening”. So may I ask you a question?
M: Sure.
W: Thank you. Well, what were you and your family doing last Sunday evening?
M: Let me see. Oh, my sister Kate was washing her hair. And my brother Joe was playing computer games.
W: What about you?
M: I was doing my homework from half past seven to eight.
W: And your parents?
M: I can’t remember. Oh, yes. They were watching TV then.
Question No .16. What was the boy doing last Sunday evening?
Question No. 17. How many people are there in the boy’s family?
Question No. 18. What were Tim’s parents doing last Sunday evening?
Key:A B C A C B C A
(二) 第四題調整情況
第四題的聽語段、對話和問題,改為聽語段和問題,其中的對話整合到第三題,本題只設語段。本題的三篇聽力材料和10個問題,改為兩篇聽力材料或三篇聽力材料和7個問題或8個問題,計7~8分。
例:2013年河北省中考英語聽力模擬試題,第四題:
Ⅳ. 聽短文和問題,選擇正確答案。(共7小題,每小題1分,計7分)
19. What do you think of the mother?
A. She is excellent.
B. She is a bad mother.
C. She loves her daughter in a wrong way.
20. What is the matter with the daughter?
A. She gets ill very often.
B. She is not good at her lessons.
C. She doesn’t get on well with her mother.
21. Why does the mother write to the editor?
A. Because she is proud of her daughter.
B. Because her daughter is ill.
C. Because she wants some advice.
22. How old is the boy?
A. Four years old.B. Five years old.
C. Six years old.
23. What was the boy’s mother doing when he left her?
A. She was talking with a lady.
B. She was buying some clothes.
C. She was making a phone call.
24. What does the boy wear?
A. White pants and a green shirt.
B. A white shirt and green pants.
C. A red shirt and white pants.
25. Where can the mother find the boy?
A. At the clothing part of the store.
B. At the gate of the store.
C. At the information desk.
聽力材料:
第四題:聽語段和問題,選擇正確答案。下面你將聽到兩篇聽力材料和七個問題,聽力材料和問題讀兩遍。請你聽完聽力材料和問題的第二遍朗讀后,根據所聽內容,從各小題所給出的A、B、C三個選項中,選出正確答案。
請聽第一篇材料,回答19~21小題。
Dear editor,
I’m the mother of a fourteen-year-old student. I have a rule for my daughter: Be among the top 5 students or she will not be allowed to do other things except study. She has been doing very well in school, I’m very proud of her. But now she gets ill very often. I’m very worried about her. Some friends of mine say that I put too much pressure on her. Am I wrong? What should I do?
Question No. 19. What do you think of the mother?
Question No. 20. What is the matter with the daughter?
Question No. 21. Why does the mother write to the editor?
請聽第二篇材料,回答22~25小題。
Hello, shoppers! We have a lost boy named Tony David here. We found him crying and looking for his mom at the clothing department. He said he left his mother while she was making a phone call in our store. He is about 6 years old and wears a green shirt and white pants. Please get to the information desk of the store as soon as possible. You can find him there. Thank you.
Question No. 22. How old is the boy?
Question No. 23. What was the boy’s mother doing when he left her?
Question No. 24. What does the boy wear?
Question No. 25. Where can the mother find the boy?
Key: C A C C C A C
參考文獻:
[1]教育部.義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)[M].北京師范大學出版社,2012.
[2]義務教育英語課程標準(2011年版)解讀[M]湖北教育出版社,2012.
[3]河北省教育廳中考中心.河北省2013年初中畢業生升學文化課考試說明[M].地質出版社,2013.