Study on Green Ideas Guided Approaches to Highway Construction Management

LIN Cai-kui，FANG Jian-qin

(1.Guangdong Yunwu Expressway Co.Ltd.，Yunfu 527300，China;2.Guangdong Changda highway Co.Ltd.，Guangzhou 510075，China)

From:Highway2010(1)

Translator:LI Xue-mei

(Chongqing YUCAI Project Supervision Limited Company，Chongqing 400074，China)

The core of the green management in highway construction is to meet the demands of sustainable economic and social development，to save resources，to protect and improve environment in the management of highway construction，and to achieve high degree of harmony between highway construction and the natural environment as well as social environment.Therefore，it is necessary and inevitable to follow-up the call“build a resource-saving and environmental-friendly society”and to realize the sustainable development of the highway construction science.

Guangzhou-Wuzhou Expressway is located in mountainous area，along the steep terrain and lush vegetation;its humanistic environment and natural environment is extremely rich，and its geographic condition is complicated;meanwhile this Project is the dual demonstration project of the Ministry of Transportations and Communications and the Guangdong Provincial Transportations and Communications Department.Therefore，to achieve the goal of building this Project into a“high-standard，safe，comfortable，environmental-friendly and harmonious highway with its own characteristics，it is necessary to implement the concept of green management.

Ⅰ.The connotation of the highway construction management under the guidance of green ideas

Green management is a business idea and a series of management activities formed and implemented by the enterprises in accordance with the requirement of sustainable development and environmental protection.It is a whole process management that is based on the assumption of“ecological man”(natural person and legal person who can be in harmony with natural environment and make rational use of resources)，guided by green value，driven by green technology innovation，assured by enterprise green organization and targeted by the integration of economic benefit and ecological benefit.As shown in Figure 1.

The essential meaning of Green management is“harmo-ny”，which includes not only the ecological harmony between man and nature(i.e.“environmental protection”and sustainable development)，but also the interpersonal harmony between people.So the ultimate goal of Green management is to achieve the harmony between man and nature，the harmony between people and the harmony within a person oneself，to obtain comprehensive ecological and economic benefits，including economic benefits，social benefits and ecological benefits.

Fig.1 The meaning hierarchy of Green management

The Green idea guided highway construction management means to be guided by Green concept，to carry out the highway construction new ideas of“safety，environment protection，comfort，harmony，saving and durability”in the process of highway construction management，to aim at a highly harmony between the highway，natural environment and social environment，to realize the unification of economic benefits，social benefits and ecological benefits and the sustainable development of highway construction through technological innovation and harmony management.As shown in Figure 2.

Fig.2 Green idea guided management system of highway construction

Ⅱ.Green ideas guided approaches to highway construction management

1.Implementing the new ideas of design and improving the level of design

New ideas of design means under the guidance of highway construction new ideas of“safety，environment protection，comfort，harmony，saving and durability”，to achieve“six principles to adhere，six ideas to establish”during the design process:adhering to people-oriented，establishing the idea of safety first;adhering to the principle of harmony between human and nature，establishing the idea of respect for nature and protecting the environment;adhering to sustainable development，establishing the idea of resource conservation;adhering to quality first，establishing the idea of public satisfaction;adhering to reasonable selection criteria，establishing the idea of creative design;adhering to the thinking of system theory，establishing the idea of life-cycle cost.

In the design process of Guangzhou-Wuzhou Expressway，according to the characteristics of the project，the overall design principle is“people-oriented”，and“safety，environmental protection，comfort and harmony”，meanwhile carrying out the“sustainable”scientific development concept of“building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society”.The corresponding measures can be summarized as shown in Table 1.

2.Environmental friendly construction

Environmental protection has always been a major challenge in the highway construction process.One of the main problems in highway construction is destruction of nature and environmental pollution.In the construction process of Guang-Wu expressway，under the guidance of green management new idea，through the transformation of management ideas，and through the management innovation，construction methods innovation and construction technology innovation，a new model of environmental-friendly highway construction has been created.

1)Temporary works

Conduct a whole-line unified planning for construction of temporary roads，using the existing Village Road，County Road and Provincial Road as much as possible.Carefully doing the drainage，green protection and maintenance work for the temporary roads，to prevent soil erosion in the construction.There are two disposal methods for the temporary roads after the construction is completed:turn the hardened roads over to the local highway management departments，return the unhardened roads back to original land use after the end of use.

For construction camp it should better choose the barren hillsides and the poor land，rather than occupy the farmland;and it should be away from river，to reduce the impact on river water quality;and the camp should not be placed under power lines，and it should not be placed near the gutter，the edge of a cliff，and disaster geological zone of landslides，debris-flow，and the region that may be impacted by mountain torrents.

The mixing station shall not be located near the residential area，station ground shall be clean and tidy，materials shall be stacked orderly with protection.Cement powder discharged from the top of the mixing plant shall be collected;wastewater shall be treated up to the standards before discharge.

Tab.1 The corresponding management innovation of new idea design

2)Ecological protection

In the construction process of Guang-Wu Expressway，the original landscape is well maintained，especially the historic old tree.

3)Construction environment protection

The impacts of construction noise on construction environment and nearby living environment are obvious.Therefore，at the planning，the concrete mixing station，steel process field and prefabricated field shall be built away from the camp and residential area as far as possible.For those built nearby，noise control measures shall be taken during the construction，such as no work between 22:00 in the evening and 7:00 the next morning.Low-noise machinery shall be used for bored piles and earthwork construction.Air pollution is mainly the problem of tunnel construction ventilation and road dust outside the tunnel.Ventilation equipment must be installed for tunnel construction to ensure effective ventilation during the construction，and watering in a timely manner shall be conducted to guarantee the quality of air inside the tunnel.The temporary roads for construction shall be sprinkled with water frequently to reduce dust.

4)Topsoil utilization

Release excavation groove line before remove topsoil，it is permitted to cut trees，dig roots and remove topsoil only within the groove line;removing vegetation outside the groove line is strictly prohibited.The earthwork removed from topsoil must be stacked together in the place designated by the owner or according to the design，and shall not be mixed with other discarded earthwork，and make temporary protection and drainage，for later use as backfill for central reserve，overpass，service area，slope greening and waste soil field rehabilitation greening.

5)Soil dump management

Spoil ground selection principles are:economical use of land，use as less farmland as possible，soil and water conservation，protecting the natural landscape，in compliance with the requirement of local environment，vegetation and soil and water conservation，in compliance with the“principle of protection”;ease of soil and water conservation，vegetation restoration and beautification of environment，in compliance with the“principle of restoration”.When finished，it should be covered with soil and rehabilitated and beautified with green，in order to be consistent with the original landscape.

6)Greening with native plants

Guang-Wu Expressway has conducted a special research project“Study on utilization of native plants for greening and ecological restoration in highway development”，using native plants as greening plants，meanwhile taking into account the surrounding environment，choosing the plants in terms of color，height，species and other features.The principle in slope greening is，using the combination of trees，shrubs and herbaceous plants，at the same time try to keep a variety.

7)Tunnel construction with environmental protection

The concept of“zero excavation”is used in tunnel construction;intercepting ditch shall be as hidden as possible according to local conditions;weakening the form of tunnel portal，in Guang-Wu expressway the cutting face tunnel portals are mainly used，minimizing the use of end wall portal;for open cut tunnel portal，making the slope ratio as smooth as possible and portal structure as simple as possible;the slope is conducive to the recovery of the vegetation and easy to the coordination of surrounding landscape，for those must adopt end wall portal due to terrain constraint，try to make them step end wall with arcing and greening.

Bringing into effect the construction environmental detection system in the tunnel，Guang-Wu Expressway provided that the detection for oxygen content，temperature，concentration of harmful gases，concentration of dust and other indicators must be conducted to fully guarantee the good environment for construction.Special sections such as gas area must also be appropriately tested.

Make the best use of tunnel slag，some tunnels such as Shiyashan Tunnel processed tunnel slag for about 400 000 m3crushed stone.

3.Strengthen quality management to ensure the quality of the construction work

Guang-Wu Expressway did the following good jobs in the area of quality control:1)establish a sound quality assurance system;2)highlight the prevention-oriented management philosophy and minimize the common quality problem according to the working pattern of the generation，formation and implementation of the quality of highway product;3)introduce the supervision system for geological exploration;4)strengthen field tracking in the detailed survey designing stage;5)introduce advanced equipment and keep on comprehensive forecasting for tunnel construction;6)establish a third-party quality inspection system;7)establish owners laboratory;8)carry out the model project appraisal;9)develop and apply the quality management system to achieve informatization of quality management.

4.Focus on the protection of farmland and other resources

Resources are the material basis for human existence，and also a guarantee of sustainable development.To adhere to the sustainable development and build a conservation-oriented society in highway construction，we must properly deal with the relationship between resource conservation and highway development.Conservation of resources in highway construction means firstly the conservation of land.To our country with a population of 1.3 billion，especially among them 800 million farmers who live off the land，land resources，in particular farmland resources has great significance.Conservation of resources is also reflected in other aspects such as mineral resources and humus.

In the idea of conservation of land and other resources，Guang-Wu Expressway adheres to do from the planning and design stage and carry out throughout the whole process of the project construction.

At the planning stage，through reasonable route planning and comprehensive utilization of route location resources，rationally determine the construction scale and project，enhance the level of intensive utilization of land.In principle，the designed route shall not cover the unexplored mineral resourcesrich region.

At the design stage，through fine design，with the precondition of functional satisfaction，carefully prepare each detailed parameters，to save every inch of land.

In the project construction，fully tap all the potentials to protect land resources.Main measures:partial adjustment of design to occupy less land，secondary development and utilization of the slope，restoration of the spoil ground and reconstruction of the land，protection and reuse of the topsoil and so on.

5.Actively carry out scientific and technological innovation

Conscientiously carry out the instructions of Guangdong Provincial Transportations and Communications Department concerning the establishment of technological demonstration project and follow the highway construction principle of“safe，environmental protective，comfortable and harmonious”，with the Guang-Wu Expressway construction idea of“construct a high-standard，safe，environmental protective，comfortable，harmonious and highway with its own characteristics”as the guiding ideology，seeks to achieve following objectives through technological innovation:1)to ensure the safety of the project;2)to reflect the idea of“people-oriented”and“harmony between people and nature”;3)engineering technology innovation;4)to improve work efficiency and reduce construction cost.

With tunnel construction safety and energy-saving and en-vironmental-friendly highway construction as the special feature and key-point of this research project，based on Guang-Wu Expressway(Hekou-Pingtaisection)，GuangdongProvincial Transportations and Communications Department launched several research project on the topics of“Research on safety assurance of tunnel construction under complicated geological conditions”，“Research on highway tunnel lighting requirement and energy-saving technologies”，“Research on highway tunnel fire disaster prevention technologies”，“Research on mountain highway tunnel safety comprehensive measures”，“Environmental-friendly Guang-Wu Expressway construction countermeasures study”，“Study on the highway ecological environment restoration and landscape design”and so on.

Combined with the construction needs，carry out related research work.Carry out the research on“Study on comprehensive safety measures in extra-long slope road section”to solve the traffic safety problem of this project in two sections with long downhill road about 10 km;carry out the research on“Guangdong mountain area highway quota and cost index study”to put forward the reasonable cost index system of the mountain highway in Guangdong;carry out the research on“study on new theory of deformation design and its application in efficient prestressed concrete bridge engineering”to propose a new designing method for efficient prestressed concrete bridge based on the bearing capacity safety reserve and deformation safety reserve conditions;carry out the research on“study on development and application of highway three-dimensional image progress system”to improve the efficiency of highway construction management;carry out the research on“study on complete set of construction technology in Shiyashan Tunnel ventilating shaft”to provide construction technology guide for highway tunnel shaft in Guangdong Province，and so on.

Apply the“build a resource-saving and environmentfriendly society”and other“sustainable”scientific outlook on development，and actively carry out the typical demonstration project work of survey and design.

6.Realization of the construction management information system

Due to the long working line of this project and the very inconvenience of the original local transportation，to improve the efficiency of project management，we focus on the information management before the start of the project construction，and proceed with the development and deployment of the information platform system，3D image progress system，P3/EC progress management system，HCS measurement and payment management system，quality management system and the completion document management system and so on，and collect the relevant information to the information platform for sharing.All the official correspondence of the project participation units，measurement and payment data，test and related quality data，change process and information communications were delivered on line through the internet，that greatly improved the work efficiency，accuracy of the data and the traceability of the related information.

7.Harmonious land requisition and demolition

The route length of the Hekou-Pingtai section in Guang-Wu Expressway is 98.49 km.A total of 4 counties(cities，districts)，19 towns(street)and more than 200 000 people were involved in the land requisition and demolition，the area of which reached 666.67 hm2.A lot of work for the pipeline relocation and young crops counting and sorting，it is rare to see such a heavy task of requisition and demolition within a short period of time and with wide influence in domestic highway projects.In the requisition process，we adhere to the principle of“respect for public opinions and follow the local government”，strive to create a harmonious requisition and demolition and relocation work atmosphere.At work，we adhere to the people-oriented，and earnestly safeguard the legitimate interests of the farmers;adhere to the“open，fair and righteous”，sunshine operation，follow the policies and regulations，reasonable compensation and timely deliver;adhere to the patient and meticulous work attitude，and strive to do propaganda work，work in details，put the compensations in place，and appropriately do good and practical things for the local farmer according to the actual project，thereby received understanding and support of the people and created a“fast，efficient，honest and harmonious”construction environment.

In the requisition and demolition，Guang-Wu Expressway has mainly taken the following measures:1)established the operation mode of the government-led and high efficient requisition and relocation;2)respect for public opinion and protect the legitimate rights and interests of the farmers whose land have been requisitioned.3)comply with the laws and regulations，requisition and relocate fairly and righteously;4)innovate model and carry out work contest of requisition and relocation.

Through innovation of management model，the requisition and relocation work of this project has pioneered work contest of requisition and relocation and other measures，and has made certain achievements，and has been recognized by the superior，and was designated as the only unit to introduce its experience in the Guangdong transportations and communication work conference in June 2007.

Ⅲ.Conclusion

In the construction process，Guang-Wu Expressway adhered to green management，implemented the new idea of highway construction，and achieved the following results:1)realized the goal of“construction of a high standard，safe，environmental friendly，harmonious highway with its own peculiarities”;2)fully protected the environment，realized the harmony between highway and natural environment;3)made a large number of scientific and technological achievements;4)realized the harmony between highway construction and farmer’s interests;5)ensured the realization of strategic goal of the enterprise.

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