任務型閱讀解題策略淺析

任務型閱讀以信息圖表題為主，這種題有兩部分組：閱讀材料和圖表。它要求學生根據所給材料，完成圖表中空缺的部分，學生既要讀懂全文，又要具有對文中重要信息進行篩選、整合和綜合概括。任務型閱讀圖表主要呈三種形式：Tree-shaped，Net-shaped，Spider-shaped。填寫的單詞來源及字數都有嚴格的要求，所選文章題材多樣，富有時代氣息，語言原汁原味。如何有效地提高學生的任務型閱讀正確率，筆者認為可以從以下幾個方面入手。

一、尋找

考查尋找文章細節的能力。學生應對試題內容有個整體的把握，任務型閱讀的題目往往通過對課文結構的重新梳理和整合來考查學生對課文內容的理解和課文結構的把握。學生首先要了解表格各部分的內容，然后再根據文中對應的段落在所給材料中直接尋找正確的單詞。例如：

1.People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes.Many people who do a lot of close work，such as writing and reading，become nearsighted.Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.

Nearsighted people are unable to see distant objects without glasses.

2.Few will argue that educating women has great social benefits.But it has enormous economic advantages as well.Most obviously，there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers.

Educating girl leads to social benefits，economic advantages and does good to health practices，including family planning.

二、轉換

考查尋找文章細節內容并進行轉化的能力。首先根據圖表要求找到對應段落信息，要求學生對單詞的詞性、同義詞、反義詞、詞組及句子的結構這幾個方面進行轉化。學生不僅要對最基本的詞匯熟記在心，而且能在理解文章內容的基礎上運用恰當的短語或轉換句型來表達同樣的意思。例如：

1.Is it possible for the police to find the lost boy?

Is there any possibility that the police will find the lost boy?

2.To achieve success，you need to have a clear aim and strong determination.

If you are to succeed ，you should be determined.

3.She showed us the way into the garden.

She led us into the garden.

4.He was not for the plan.

He was against the plan.

5.As he was only 165 cm tall，other children often make fun of his height.

He was often laughed at for his height.

6.With some bad information available，it is quite possible that children will break the laws，because they want to copy what they see.

Children are likely to break the laws，...

三、概括

要求學生能概括表格中的某一欄的一個或幾個句子在材料中表達的意思及充當的功能。通常要求學生能概括主題、結論、原因、結果、目的、方法、優點、缺點等。常用的概括性的詞如下：

1.Today millions of Americans observe Mother’s Day in different ways.They buy more than 150，000，000 Mother’s Day greeting cards.Most of the cards show pictures of flowers，hearts or other things that people feel are linked to being a mother.

Many people give flowers for Mother’s Day.It is one of the busiest days of the year for the flower industry.

Mother’s Day is a time for young children to do special things for their mothers.Some would make a special gift or draw a special picture.

Some families will get together for a meal at a local eating place.This means that mothers do not have to cook on their special day.

2.The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear.Studies show that students who take part in such programs show better work habits，higher rates of homework completion，improved grades and higher scores on achievement tests.They also have more pressure and are less likely to blame.After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior.Various studies show decreased rates of crime and drug use.Finally，after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of development：physical development，mental development and social development.Thus，one can safely say that after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.

...In short，although after-school programs have promising future，how they are designed and run matters.

Title：Quality After-school 1 Programming/Programs