摘 要: 近幾年,隨著全國各地自主命題省份的增加,不同地區的試卷中出現了雷同試題。本文列舉并分析了“單項選擇”中不同語法項目下的具體雷同實例,在對這一現象進行思考的同時也得到了一些啟示。
關鍵詞: 高考英語試題 單項選擇 雷同試題 思考與啟示
近年來,由于高考單獨命題省份的增加(2010年全國共有19套試卷),高考試卷“單項選擇”題型中出現了很多考點近乎相同甚至題干也幾近相同的試題。以致對歷屆高考試題并不陌生的高三學生一看到這類題就感到似乎做過,甚至感到有些就是原題。筆者對過去五年來全國各地高考試卷中出現的雷同試題進行了收集和整理,在分析的基礎上,提出了一點自己的看法。
[實例集1:非謂語動詞——seated]
例1:(NMET 2007山東,26)
Please remainuntil the plane has come to a complete stop.
A.to seat B.to be seated C.sitting D.seated
例2:(NMET 2008遼寧,31)
Please remain ;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.
A.seating B.seated C.to seat D.to be seated
例3:(NMET 2009四川,4)
Ladies and gentlemen,please remainuntil the plane has come to a complete stop.
A.seated B.seating C.to seat D.seat
[分析]
以上三個例題的答案分別為DBA,即都要選擇seated。并且均考查到remain seated這一系表結構,尤其例1和例3,其考點和題干可謂完全相同。
[思考與啟示]
seat一詞的確重要,兼具名詞和及物動詞詞性,為英語書面語和英語口語中最常用的1000和2000個單詞之一。seated為形容詞,系表結構remain seated構成的詞塊常見于諸多場景(如劇院、機場、巴士及考場等),生活氣息濃厚。遺憾之處在于試題中的語境近乎相同,且都選考remain seated這一結構,給人雷同之感,并且對于熟悉歷屆高考試題的高三學生來說,不需多加思索就能得到正確答案,但毋容置疑,試題考查的實效性在一定程度上受到了影響,其區分度也大打折扣。
[實例集2:定語從句——point]
例4:(NMET 2006海南·寧夏·山東,26)
We’re just trying to reach a pointboth sides will sit down together and talk.
A.where B.that C.when D.which
例5:(NMET 2007江西,32)
After graduation she reached a point in her careershe heeded to decision what to do.
A.that B.what C.which D.where
例6:(NMET 2009浙江,14)
I have reached a point in my lifeI am supposed to make decisions of my own.
A.which B.where C.how D.why
[分析]
例4至例6的答案分別為ADB。三題都考查到point用作抽象(模糊)地點,理解為“(發展的)階段”或“程度、地步”。三個句子無一例外地用到了“reach a point where...”結構。
[思考與啟示]
point是一個高頻單詞,在英語書面語和英語口語中都是最常用的1000個單詞之一。從上面三個例題來看,盡管題干各異,但是“reach a point where...”這一詞塊卻是完全相同的,給人以如出一轍之感,因此在一定程度上影響了試題的考查效果。當然,從“地點的模糊化”這一層面來看,讓考生掌握一些常見的表達“模糊地點”的詞還是很有必要的,如case,condition,situation,stage,position等。
[實例集3:定語從句——after which]
例7:(NMET 2005山東,30)
He was educated at a local grammar school, he went on to cambridge.
A.from which B.after that C.after which D.from this
例8:(NMET 2007江蘇,33)
He was educated at the local high school, he went on to Beijing University.
A.after which B.after that C.in which D.in that
例9:(NMET 2007遼寧,24)
Eric received training in computer for one year, he found a job in a big company.
A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this
[分析]
例7至例9分別選擇CAB,全部考查“介詞+which/whom”的結構引導非限制性定語從句。當介詞放在關系代詞之前時,關系代詞只能用which(指人)或whom(指物),且關系代詞不能省略。
[思考與啟示]
定語從句一直是高考的考查熱點。主要考查關系代詞和關系副詞的使用;非限制性定語從句(尤其是先行詞指代整個句子)更是考查的重點。例7和例8題干結構基本相同,且考點完全一致,顯而易見兩題雷同。
[實例集4:狀語從句——as long as]
例10:(NMET 2008安徽,31)
—Do you have a minute?I’ve got something to tell you.
—OK, you make it easy.
A.now that B.if only C.so long as D.every time
例11:(NMET 2008全國1,31)
—Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?
—I don’t mind where we getthere’s sun,sea and beach.
A.as if B.as long as C.now that D.in order that
例12:(NMET 2009北京,22)
You may use the room as you likeyou clean it up afterwards.
A.so far as B.so long as C.in case D.even if
例13:(NMET 2009陜西,13)
My parents don’t mind what job I doI am happy.
A.even though B.as soon as C.as long as D.as though
[分析]
long在英語書面語和英語口語中都是最常用的1000個單詞之一。例10—例13全部涉及從屬連詞so/as long as(只要)。
[思考與啟示]
從近些年的高考對狀語從句中的考查可以看出,連接詞的選用為測試的重點,能否把握分句間的邏輯關系是作出正確選擇的關鍵。在解答此類題時,考生應首先具備全面的狀語從句知識,熟悉每個連詞的語義和語用特征。例10—例13在考查as/so long as的同時也在告知even if/though,as if/though,as/so far as,now that等常常用作干擾項。
[實例集5:名詞性從句——whoever]
例14:(NMET 2009海南·寧夏·全國1,24)
Could I speak tois in charge of International Sales please?
A.who B.what C.whoever D.whatever
例15:(NMET 2009陜西,17)
The bow-to book can be of help towants to do the job.
A.who B.whomever C.no matter who D.whoever
[分析]
例14、15考查到whoever引導介詞to和for的賓語從句,且在句中都擔當主語充分,因此要用代詞的主格形式。一些考生在做題時,會誤認為所填詞為介詞的直接賓語而誤選其賓格形式whomever。
[思考與啟示]
從近年來高考對名詞性從句的考查中可以看出,針對賓語從句的考題占其中的重大比例。如2009年,其比例達到約60%,2010年的比例則為約65%。因此,關于賓語從句的備考應放在名詞性從句專題的首位。同時,在閱讀時要對復合句倍加關注,將學習到的名詞性從句的基本知識應用到對復合句的分析中,逐步培養復合句的語感,做到在較短的時間內分析、理解復雜句子。
[實例集6:時態語態——is/are being done]
例16:(NMET 2009湖南,27)
Would you please keep silent?The weather reportand I want to listen.
A.is broadcast B.is being broadcast
C.has been broadcast D.had been broadcast
例17:(NMET 2010天津,10)
Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cuttingat the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A.are exhibitingB.is exhibiting
C.are being exhibitedD.is being exhibited
例18:(NMET 2010上海,31)
The church tower whichwill be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.
A.has restoredB.has been restored
C.is restoringD.is being restored
[分析]
以上各題均考查到現在進行時被動語態,其具體形式為is/are being done。
[思考與啟示]
近年來,對動詞時態和語態考查的一大特點是巧設語境,在具體情景中考查動詞的時態和語態。題目更靈活,對考生的要求更高。在平常的學習中,考生應當樹立語境意識,準確理解各種常用時態的基本特征和內在聯系及區別,不斷總結經驗,提高應變能力。
[走進高考]
代詞——that
(NMET 1999,17)
1.Few pleasure can equalof a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
(NMET 2007四川,32)
2.Little joy can equalof a surprising ending when you read stories.
A.that B.those C.any D.some
to do作目的狀語
3.(NMET 2008 北京31)
—Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes.Butit,I had to read the entire book.
A.to find B.find C.to be finding D.finding
4.(NMET 2008湖南30)
the project as planned,we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A.Completing B.Complete C.CompletedD.To complete
介詞beyond
5.(NMET 2008江蘇 28)
—Why do you suggest we buy a new machine?
—Because the old one has been damaged .
A.beyond reach B.beyond repair
C.beyond control D.beyond description
6.(NMET 2009全國Ⅰ 34)
Everybody was touchedwords after they heard her moving story.
A.beyond B.without C.of D.in
詞塊cover expenses
7.(NMET 2007天津12)
One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living .
A.bills B.expenses C.prices D.charges
8.(NMET 2009山東26)
—Do you have enough to all your daily expenses?
—Oh yes,enough and to spare.
A.cover B.spend C.fill D.offer
短語in turn
9.(NMET 2006山東35)
A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics,whichwill promote its economic development.
A.in nature B.in return C.in turn D.in fact
10.(NMET 2007湖北26)
People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,and thiscreates further problems.
A.in short B.in case C.in doubt D.in turn
【Keys】1—5CBADB6—10 ABACD